The Courtroom Scene Essay Example for Free

The Courtroom Scene Essay The Crucible was composed at the pinnacle of the McCarthism time in the mid twentieth century. The play was composed by Arthur Miller to show the similitudes between The McCarthy Trials and the Salem Witch Trials. This connections well to the Crucible. The play is about a gathering of young ladies who are trapped in the forested areas performing witch-like activities. The young ladies betray everybody and begin blaming individuals for being witches. This quickly makes pressure. In this paper, I am going to respond to the inquiry How does Miller make pressure in Act III, The Courtroom Scene? He makes strain in various manners. These ways are stage bearings, occasions, language and grinding between characters. Firstly, Arthur Miller utilizes stage headings to make pressure in Act III. A specific case of this is when Goody Proctor is strongly addressed for reality of her spouses issue. The stage course In an emergency of uncertainty, she can't talk. This shows how she is slashed between concealing for her significant other or coming clean. The circumstance that is so exciting is that on the off chance that she lies, she will of aided Abigail, as Abigail would have the option to continue with her naughty doings. What's more, on the off chance that she comes clean, at that point Abigail would be seen as blameworthy of lying and unfounded complaints. The heading manufactures pressure, as the crowd definitely realize that John Proctor has admitted to the illicit relationship with Abigail, and Goody Proctor doesnt know this. Secondly. Mill operator makes pressure by utilizing occasions in Act III. The best case of this is on page 101, when Abigail and her young lady companions are imagining that Mary Warren has assembled her soul onto them. This is indicated when Abigail says why ? for what reason do you come, yellow winged animal? We as the crowd consequently feel pressure as we probably am aware Abigail and the young ladies are making all these supposed claims up. We feel frustrated about Mary Warren, as now she is being depicted as an abhorrent individual. John Proctor is the main individual who trusts Mary Warren and thinks Abigail and the young ladies are lying. He shows his emotions by saying Theyre imagining, Mr Danforth! This makes strain as we feel that Proctor and Mary Warren are defenseless. Delegate needs to help Mary Warren, as Goody Proctor will be oppressed if Abigail and the young ladies are not brought to equity. Another occasion that happens and makes pressure is on page 104/105. This bit of strain connects well to the last piece. The even is that after the entirety of the upheaval and lying from Abigail and the young ladies of Mary Warren calling a soul. Mary apologizes for sending the soul, despite the fact that it was a falsehood. This naturally makes strain as the crowd are dumfounded by what Mary is doing. She is presently concealing for the young ladies. So they dont get the fault. At the point when she says sorry. Abigail embraces her and they appear to be companions once more. This leaves the appointed authorities puzzled. This makes strain in an alternate manner also on the grounds that Proctor is in solitude now. The best way to spare his significant other is Mary Warren coming clean, presently she has betrayed him. The crowd feel frustrated about Proctor, who should know at this point he and his better half will be oppressed. Thirdly, Arthur Miller makes pressure by utilizing grinding between characters in Act III. There are two superb instances of this. Right off the bat, Mary Warren discloses to the court of how Proctor awakens her around evening time and says how they ought to over toss the court to spare this spouse. This rubbing is colossal on the grounds that not long before Mary Warren expresses this the court, Mary and Proctor where helping one another. Mary and Proctor were helping one another. This makes pressure since Proctor was left by Mary when she said sorry to Abigail for bringing her soul, and now Mary has made claim against Proctor. Nothing more could turn out badly for him. Mary proceeds to state that Proctor has undermined her also. Sick homicide you, he says, if my significant other hangs! Consequently makes strain as Mary and Proctor were companions yet now he is undermining her. The crowd feel a horrifying heart-break for Proctor, yet feel he shouldnt of undermined Mary. The rubbing has developed once more. Also, on page 105, Proctor says that his and Danforths faces resemble the fallen angels. Delegate says, I see his dingy face! Furthermore, it is mine and your Danforth It makes contact on the grounds that Danforth is horrified that Proctor could relate him to the fallen angel. Between these too character there has consistently been grating since Proctor accepts the young ladies are lying, while Danforth doesnt. At the point when Proctor says this he implies that Danforth has the substance of the fiend for permitting these unfounded incrimination to occur. Delegate has the substance of the demon since he had the illicit relationship with Abigail, which started the entire occasion. Ultimately, language in The Crucible makes pressure. A model o this is on page 98, when John Proctor concedes he craved for Abigail and comes clean about the undertaking and how Abigail is attempting to seek retribution. The line is She thinks to hit the dance floor with me on my wifes grave!! This language is hard for the crowd to comprehend, as it is early English. This makes strain since it could mean various things and as the crowd doesnt realize what it implies, it lets minds come out and begin to think what he means. To finish up Arthur Miller utilizes and makes pressure to a full impact and pulls it off with extraordinary quality. The strain was acceptable and simple to make as he utilized four fundamental components, stage headings, occasions, grindings among characters and language.

Peace and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harmony and Justice - Essay Example Nonetheless, the got away from Jews needed to confront significantly harder circumstances in the blossoming Europe. There were mass killings and torments. Along these lines, by the 1880s, Jews from Russia and rest of Eastern Europe came back to Palestine and began settling there. Before long, the Jews began developments to set up a country state for the Jewish individuals in Palestine. Jews asserted that the land was their authentic country and Arabs were against it. It required some investment for viciousness to rise. As Tessler brings up, however Jews were permitted a free country from there on, Arabs despite everything contradicted the Jewish country, consequently, Israel stays in steady clash with Palestine and other Arab countries (67). A ton has been done to comprehend the contention; however the means were not really effective. The main successful advance originated from the United Nations through the suggestion that Palestine ought to be part into three sections; the one with Jewish country, the second with Arab state, and an International zone that would include equivalent quantities of Jews and Arabs. Notwithstanding, the issue with the arrangement was that the proposed Jewish land would contain an enormous number of Arabs, and the proposed Arab state would contain few Jews. In addition, Jerusalem and Bethlehem were to gone under the control of the United Nations. Both of the sides were against the proposed division since Jews loathed losing Bethlehem and Arabs were against the possibility of a free Jewish country state. Additionally, Arabs were stressed over the huge quantities of Arabs who might get caught in the proposed Israel state. Before long, the Partition Plan was put on vote in the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947. While 33 countries bolstered the division, 13 countries were against the arrangement. Another 10 countries favored not to cast a ballot. In any case, Palestine and other Arab countries in the close to region were emphatica lly against the arrangement. Thus, they moved toward the International Court of Justice with the case that the United Nations’ choice to continue with parcel was against the desires of most of the occupants of the disturbed territory. Be that as it may, International Court of Justice settled on a ruling against the intrigue. Before long, viciousness ejected and became wild; and no other country depended on mediate. In any case this savagery, on May 14, 1948, the autonomous State of Israel was proclaimed. From that point forward, brutality continues upsetting the tranquility of the land. In any case, this doesn't imply that endeavors were not made to guarantee harmony in the zone. Another arrangement of genuine talks started in the start of 1990s when Israel and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) began exchanges in Oslo, Norway. Because of the discussions, Palestine authoritatively perceived the presence of Israel. Likewise, it was concluded that the Palestinian Authority (PA) would be the official overseeing foundation for Palestinian people group. Additionally, Israel permitted PA to manage different locales of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Furthermore, Palestine was helped in building up its own social structure with a police power, lawmaking body, and other administrative establishments. Consequently, Palestine Authority should create resilience for Israel inside the Arab people group. In any case, the simple truth is that there is fear based oppression that develops in Palestine, and a subsequent ascent in narrow mindedness towards Palestine in Israeli populace. Accordingly, assaults and passings have become a typical factor even at this point. As indicated by

The Undecideds, Part 3

The Undecideds, Part 3 The third in a series With fewer than 10 days to go until the May 1st postmark deadline for your college decision, I figure now is as good a time as any to the students who are still undecided: How can we help you make your decision? What more would you like to know about MIT? What are your lingering concerns? Etc. Ill answer as many as I can this morning before I have to run Ariadne wrote, The only thing holding me back from MIT is the music. Classical guitar has been a part of my life for almost ten years and Ive participated in national competitions and festivals. Im having a hard time finding an adequate teacher so far in the Boston area, but Ill keep looking. The other alternative is Yale, which has a great guitar teacher but a mediocre engineering program :]. Ariadne, Ive arranged for you to be contacted this weekend by Nicki 07, another national level classical guitarist and engineer. I hope this will be helpful! Tianren, Daphne, Carly, Afsah, Fernando, and another anon all wrote in inquiring about financial aid. I have contacted my usual financial aid contact to inquire further, but may not hear back until Monday. Also, another anon, the email address doesnt seem to be the one in our database, so I cant identify you can you try again? I should also note that if your financial aid award comes late (near or after May 1) from MIT or your other choice university or you need to appeal your award, you may request an extension of the May 1 deadline until your financial aid is resolved. We want you to be able to make the best decision you can, with all the information in. Dominic 10 and Kathleen 10 both asked about their status and as you can see by the 10s after their names, we have received both replies and you are both official members of the Class of 2010 =) The confirmation postcards seem to be a bit slow this year! Syed wrote, Ive sent my Admissions Reply form to MIT with a yes :)could you tell me if theres any way I can email/fax the form to MIT as well, as a backup to the courier messing up??? We do require the Reply Form itself, but you can also doubly confirm with an email to admissions at mit dot edu or a fax to 617-258-8304 (dont forget the country code, too, Syed!). Look forward to seeing you in the fall! Confused wrote, I love MIT, but I do have 2 questions. [1] How accessible are the professors? Especially for big lecture classes, if you need more personal attention, what can you turn to? [2] Also, do MIT students tend to be pretty involved in extracurricular activities? In other words, is there enough time to handle the workload while still pursuing other passions? First, [1] I definitely found my professors accessible, when I wanted to access them. I was tutored in physics by a future Nobel Prize winner, had long conversations about museums with my Literature professor, and helped change and shape MIT policies with a Chemistry professor. MITs student-to-faculty ratio is 7:1, and I never felt like just a statistic at MIT. Dont expect to have famous faculty members checking on you daily in your dorm room, but if you seek out the faculty, you will be rewarded. I didnt always seek out professors at MIT, but when I did, I was always welcomed. In lecture (and other) classes, there are many places to turn for help, and the professor isnt always the right first place to turn. Lectures are broken down into smaller recitation sections where questions are answered in greater depth; professors and teaching assistants have office hours; and theres always the Tutorial Services Room (TSR), available to all students at MIT. But perhaps the best academic (and social) support I received from the upperclassmen in my dorm. I really appreciated that MIT had dorms for all four years worth of students instead of freshman dorms; the mentoring that I received from upperclassmen, and the friends I made, was perhaps the best part of my transition to college. Second, [2] my colleague Mikey 05 wrote in response: I thought Id post about this ever-common question regarding If I go to MIT, will I be able to do extracurriculars AND have a social life AND do well in all my classes? I had the exact same question 5 years ago when I was making the same decision. Actually, it wasnt so much a question but rather, I KNEW (or thought I knew) that if I went to MIT, I would have to study virtually 24/7 and would not have a life whatsoever. FALSE. SO FALSE. In my 4 years here, I was incredibly involved in an a cappella group (the Logs), spending 15-20 hours a week doing stuff for the group. I also participated in the Asian Christian Fellowship for a decent amount (a few hours a week), and still led a healthy social life (yes, I had friends, and we hung out quite a bit, if not too much at timesconversations about life til 6am w00t), and still graduated, passed my classes, and with a pretty darn good GPA if I dont say so myself (lets just say its very close to 5.0). I had an absolute blast here participating in student life, making lifelong friendships with some very amazing people, and simply being part of an Institute and a culture that literally changes history every single day. Were there times that the work was really stressful? Of course. But in the end was it all worth it? Most definitely. Whats great about MIT is that they realize that a college education isnt just about the classes its about educating the entire mind and body. Research, extracurriculars, leadership, service, the arts, athletics, fitness, a social life, communityall integral to being a student at MIT. Sorry this post is so longits just that I had the EXACT same concern 5 years ago, and am so incredibly glad I still decided to come, because it wasnt at ALL what I thought it would be. Best 4 years of my life. I wouldnt go back and change a thing. : ) I hope that is helpful! Its Saturday morning, and I have a day trip to New Hampshire and Maine planned with some friends for today, so unfortunately I must go now. I will address the two food questions (Anonymous and another mom) tomorrow, as well as Ploys question and Zi Wens question. Ill answer those questions and more tomorrow, assuming the Maine lobster doesnt leap off the plate and kill me!

SINGH Surname Meaning and Origin

The Singh surname derives from the Sanskrit simha, meaning lion. It was originally used by Rajput Hindus and is still a common surname for many North Indian Hindus. Sikhs, as a community, have adopted the name as a suffix to their own name, so youll find it used as a surname by many of the Sikh faith. Surname Origin   Indian (Hindu) Alternate Surname Spellings SINH, SING Famous People With the Surname SINGH Milkha Singh - former Indian track and field sprinter known as The Flying SikhBhagat Singh - Indian political activistSadhu Sundar  Singh - Indian Christian missionaryMaharaja Ranjit Singh - founder of the Sikh Empire Where Do People With the SINGH Surname Live? Singh is the 6th most common surname in the world, according to surname distribution data from  Forebears, used by more than 36 million people. Singh is most commonly found in India, where it ranks 2nd in the nation. It is also especially common in Guyana (2nd), Fiji (4th), Trinidad and Tobago (5th), New Zealand (8th), Canada (32nd), South Africa (32nd), England (43rd), Poland (48th) and Australia (50th). Singh ranks 249th in the United States, where it is most common in New York, New Jersey, and California. Within India, the Singh surname is most commonly found in the Maharashtra region, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, followed by Delhi. The surname is also fairly common in New Zealand, including Manakua City, Papakura District and the Western Bay of Plenty District, as well as in the United Kingdom, particularly in the West Midlands. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SINGH Searching for Smiths: Search Strategies for Common SurnamesSearch tips and strategies for researching ancestors with common surnames such as SINGH. Singh Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Singh family crest or coat of arms for the Singh surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   The Singh DNA ProjectThe Singh DNA Project is open to all who wish to work together to find their common Singh heritage through DNA testing and sharing of family history information. SINGH Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Singh surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Singh query. FamilySearch - SINGH GenealogyAccess over 850,000 free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Singh surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Singh RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Singh surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. Surname Finder - SINGH Genealogy Family ResourcesFind links to free and commercial resources for the Singh surname. DistantCousin.com - SINGH Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Singh. The Singh Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Singh from the website of Genealogy Today. ----------------------- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Importance of Non-Verbal Communication Essay - 625 Words

The Importance of Non-Verbal Communication Communication, to me is the most important tool to survival and success and is used daily by everyone. I have always felt a particular need to increase my personal levels of communication and language skills. When I entered college, I felt very insignificant to the people around me because I didn’t feel smart enough to communicate on their levels. I then became an English major. Nonverbally, I was trying to say â€Å"I want to learn how to sound smart!† After a year of English, I realize that I don’t want to be a English teacher, I was just trying to better communicate with my surroundings. So now, being in a position where I want to transfer out of Potsdam, I realize how important communication†¦show more content†¦The deaf, the blind, international, and many more groups of people are all able to somewhat comprehend what someone is trying to say through nonverbal communication. Emotion is one of the most important methods of nonverbal communication. Thr ough emotion, one can express how they feel, and another can interpret it, and rarely be wrong. Emotion is always the same no matter where you go, and is always a very powerful means of communication. Body movements are also a very helpful method of communication. When someone moves their body a certain way, it often leads the interpreter, to a conclusion about what the communicator is trying to get across. Without body movements, some people would have a hard time getting their points across. There are also many other ways of nonverbally communicating including appearance, like the difference between what I would wear to class vs. what I would wear to an interview, facial expressions, which let others know your take on what you are trying to say, eye contact, which shows credibility, territorial space, which is sort of a boundary setting that lets others know where comfort ends and creepiness begins, touching, colors, emoticons, judgments, actions, attitudes, there are so many diff erent ways to nonverbally communicate, it is ridiculous. I think that the reason nonverbal communication is so important is because without it, we, as a culture, and as a world, would not understand each other, and thatShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1689 Words   |  7 Pagesit can even determine the success of trade cooperation. 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It includes the usage of the human’s subconscious mind to construct a series of facial expressions, hand gestures as well as the usage of the human’s vocal tones which indeed causes a form of effective communication if used in the right manner. For example, when parentsRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesMy partner and I spent twenty minutes talking about our goals and fears, regarding this course. I found this process comfortable, a combination of factors are the reasons in which this process was comfortable including, the use of verbal and non-verbal communication. My partner and I recognized a number of objectives we had that were similar to each other’s, along with areas that we diff ered in. My goals for this course mainly revolve around improving my intervention knowledge and skills. While improvingRead MoreThe Importance Of A Non Verbal Communication815 Words   |  4 Pagesour body gesture says more about us than words do. 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For the purpose of this assignment I will refer to this patient as Mrs C to maintain confidentiality and comply with the NMC code (2008). It will discuss the importance of non-verbal communication when providing effective nursing care to the elderly. As a framework for this reflection I am going to use the Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle which uses 6 stages; description, thoughts and feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusionRead MoreCommunication in Nursing1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of communication is the essential foundation of nursing practise; it is primarily dependant upon verbal and non-verbal communication. Encompassing both speech and behavioural aspects, efficient delivery and receiving of the nurse-patient messages initiates advantageous relationships, or contrarily, generates significant repercussions if applied ineffectively, thus affecting the quality of the nurse-patient relationship. This essay will discuss how effective verbal and non-verbal communicationRead MoreCommunication Is The All Of The Procedures By Which One Mind Can Affect Another1146 Words   |  5 Pages WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? â€Å"Communication is the all of the procedures by which one mind can affect another† It can be defined as the key that joins various factors of an organization. It determines the success or failure of an organization. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION: †¢ INTRA-PERSONAL. †¢ INTER-PERSONAL. †¢ EXTRA-PERSONAL. †¢ ORGANISATIONAL GROUP. †¢ MASS. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION: 1. As management communication, public communication, advertising and personal selling. 2. As ingredient of corporateRead MoreIntroduction. The Importance Of Communication Is The Needed1128 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The importance of communication is the needed basis in nursing practice. Communication is often dependent on the verbal and nonverbal communication (Marshall Stevens, 2015). Also behavioural along with speech aspects, skilled transfer with receiving of the nurse-patient information starts productive relationships or defiantly, it develops significant repercussions if used in an improper way. This essay will converse the importance of verbal with non-verbal communication in establishing

Bringing Fun to an Organization Free Essays

string(74) " it takes hard work and creativity, mostly from the organization leaders\." The typical workplace is set up to enhance productivity and accomplishments. As such, most employees know the workplace as a place where they go to earn a living to earn a living, while accomplishing the goals set by the employer. Without putting specific effort at bringing fun to the workplace, only a small percentage of workers find some enjoyment or job satisfaction from their jobs. We will write a custom essay sample on Bringing Fun to an Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing that this is common across many workplaces and directly affects the job output, employers have nowadays adopted ways of creating fun workplaces as a business strategy (Jeffcoat Gibson 2006). The best way to start-off in bringing fun to the workplace is recruiting employees who have a sense of humor. According to Narisi (2008), the perfect way to gauge whether a job candidate poses a sense of humor is by watching the way he or she responds to interview questions. One of the important questions that the interviewer should answer is, is this person taking him or herself too seriously even in questions that do not require much seriousness? Narisi (2008) suggests the use of ‘dumb’ questions like, ‘why aren’t you married yet? ’, ‘what do you think of the paintings in our office? Among others. Greenwood (2009), states that a survey on 700 American CEOs revealed that 98 percent of them preferred interviewing job candidates with a sense of humor. Most of these CEOs attested to having a passion of not only attracting upbeat candidates, but also admitted to recruiting such and working hard to retain such in their respective organizations. After settling down with the workforce who satisfies the humor criteria, Ryan associates (2004), suggests that employers should introduce other things like dressing for fun on specific days. Despite having the ‘dress for fun’ days in the office, the employer can encourage the staff to wear something frivolous that does not have to be visible, but serves to remind them that they should not take themselves too seriously. According to Urquhart (2003), it is the responsibility of managers to orchestrate fun in the workplace, but he or she should be cognizant of the fact that the employees create fun in the workplace. As such, the managers should act as facilitators to ensure that employees have all the resources and freedom needed to transform the workplace in to a fun place. There is controversy among analysts of just how productive a fun-filled workplace is. To this, Urquhart (2003) argues that a depressed mind is less productive than one that is jovial. In addition, fun creates a positive mental state, where employees learn to love their work and create a bond between employees who share jokes thus creating stronger work teams. Scientists also claim that fun and laughter stimulates the production of oxygen and endorphins to the brain, which results in increased creativity and clear thinking among employees (Urquhart, 2003). In the allbusimess. com (2008) website, employers are encouraged to allow the employees to have flextime in their job schedules. The website states that this shows the employees that the employer is concerned about their welfare. Accordingly, the employee perception motivates them leading to a less stressful and more productive workforce (allbusiness. com, 2008). This perception is backed up by countless other websites, which advocate for the use of fun in the workplace as a sure way of relieving stress, improving the individual health of employees and boosting the overall production of the organization. According to a study conducted by Karl Peluchette (2006), and published in the Journal of Leadership and Organizational studies, employees who worked in fun environments had more confidence in their jobs and were able to serve their clientele better. This argument is backed by Jeffcoat Gibson (2006), who agree that fun in the workplace results in lower downtimes, increased productivity, better job satisfaction and low absenteeism. This gives employers even more reasons to find ways of incorporating fun in the workplace. According to Lynn (2005), bringing fun to the work place is not as easy as many people might wan to believe. This is especially the case where employees and their managers have had conflicting paths regarding flexibility in the workplace. To beat the odds, Lynn (2005) suggests that employers need to create a trusting environment before adopting fun in the workplace. If they fail to create a trusting environment, chances are that the employees will reject any efforts to create fun in the work place. Trust in the workplace can be created through effective communication and respect, which wipes out negative emotions such as fear, hostility and scorn from the employees. According to jobsdb. com (2009), the major responsibility of bringing fun to the workplace lies with the manager. He or she is supposed to schedule breaks, during which employees can engage in fun-filled activities. In addition, he or she can seek employee opinions regarding cultivating fun in the workplace. Such could be by holding contests, celebrations or team-building activities. Another approach of bringing fun to an organization would be the use of morale officer’s who interact with the employees at all times, checking if there are any morale needs that needs to be addressed (Stafford, 2000). The Morale officers’ sole responsibility is to ensure that employees have a reason to look forward to the work environment with renewed anticipation each day. Fun is the one guaranteed way to achieve this. They may seek employee opinions on how best to achieve the organization objectives over lunch or tea. This breaks the office formality and leaves the employees more relaxed. To be successful in making the workplace a fun place, Stafford (2000) suggests that the morale officers should work on five pointers namely, i)feedback from employees, ii) humor, iii)bringing employees together, iv) a reward process for the employees and v) Sticking to the organization’s mission by engaging in creative and innovative work. As noted earlier in this speech, the fun in the workplace is not an easy thing to achieve. According to McGarvey (2006, fun in the workplace does not happen. Rather, it takes hard work and creativity, mostly from the organization leaders. You read "Bringing Fun to an Organization" in category "Papers" To bring fun to the work place hence requires the direct participation of the managerial leaders in the company. As such, it would be futile for the top organization management to issue orders for the employees to have fun, if they do not lead and demonstrate how fun in the company should be modeled. Even employees agree that the best fun trend in the workplace is set from the top management. A perfect example is the CEO and founder of Cognex Corporation, Dr. Robert Shillman, who indulges his employees to creative bonuses, where rather than giving them token money, he looks for fun alternative ways through which they can enjoy their benefits. Shillman is renowned for his work hard and play hard style of management (cognex. com, 2009). To him, the adage â€Å"all work and no play make Jack a dull boy† stands true. The same spirit of leading from the front was exhibited by Wal-mart’s founder, Sam Walton, who not only wore a hula skirt, but also led employees in the giant retailer for a dance along Wall Street (Greenwood, 2009).. Shillman’s management style is celebrated by Joe Neulinger (quoted by Greenwood, 2009), who states that people who do not see the need for fun in the workplace are less likely to become CEOs. This observation is shared by Fry (2001), who states that managers who scores poorly on the fun scale are bad leaders whose lack of ‘a funny bone’ is evident through the unmotivated and less productive teams that they lead. Fry’s suggestion to managers is that they should begin meetings on good cheer, by maybe saying something nice about the workforce, the day or by creating a fun-filled challenge for the group. According to Fry (2001), the possibilities of how much fun the managers can create in the work environment is limitless. However, as indicated elsewhere in the speech, it requires working on. As such, it will require a deliberate effort from the managers to create a fun workplace. Some of them might however dismiss this by saying that people should just do what they were hired to do. For this, the answer is just as blunt; managers, who expect their employee to do nothing else but work while at work, will most likely get less than the expected results. On the other hand, those who induce fun activities in the job environment ends up with an increased bottom line, without having to pressurize employees in to working harder (Fry, 2001). It is thus upon managers to choose, which of the two ways best suits them. Weinstein (1997) suggests that fun can be brought into the work place by doing things differently. For example, instead of generalizing the reward systems such that every employee gets the same reward, a little creativity can infuse fun in the reward program. When such happens, Weinstein, who is also the President PlayFair Inc reckons that the reward scheme becomes more personalized and memorable to each recipient employee. In addition, the employees take pride in not only the reward, but also the means through which the reward was presented to them. The employee can for example take the employees to a shopping mall, hand them money and instruct them to purchase personal gifts in a specified time limit. From such an activity, the employee not only appreciates the reward, but the shopping experience. However, it is not the responsibility of the managers to bring fun to the organization. The individual employees too have a responsibility that they enjoy their jobs, which is the most likely way to achieving job satisfaction amongst them. This however is partly dependent on whether the environment at work place allows them to indulge in fun activities. Hemsath (1997) reckons that in the environment where employees are required to be optimally productive despite the stressful environment that the conventional workplace is, it is incumbent that employees find fun in the workplace without necessarily waiting for the employers hell-bent at changing nothing about the old workplace to affect the fun-changes for them. The best strategy for employees as stated by Hemsath (1997) starts with one self. Here the employee sets to become the fun-catalyst in the office and enliven the spontaneous spirit between him and his co-workers. This can be as effortless as changing one’s title, to take up a more funny title. Secondly, an individual employee can set it upon himself to inspire fun in his colleagues. This is done through encouraging them to take-up fun activities, recognizing and supporting their efforts at creating amusement. If the work environment allows, individual workers can carry toys, play funny music and even post colorful pictures that boost their spirits when at work. The employees can also influence the management to create rooms where the environment is less tense. Another way that individual employees can contribute to fun in an organization is by looking for humor in their situations (Hemsath, 1997). Every situation has its dark and lighter sides. An optimistic employee will concentrate more on the brighter sides of everything, which is more fun than the gloomy downside. To make the workplace comfortable for everyone however, the management and the employees must distinguish between beneficial fun, and jokes that may be deemed offensive by some parties. As such, Vikesland (2007), suggests that the workplace should have some fun rules that distinguish between what is acceptable and outright breach of company policies. As such, the employees should be made to understand that fun is not mocking, mimicking or teasing other co-workers or management. Off-color jokes, sexual innuendos, deception, sarcasm, dark humor and ethnic jokes do not qualify as fun in the workplace too. Conclusion The modern day manager realizes the benefits of bringing fun in an organization. With the countless resources propagating the benefits of bringing fun aboard the organization, well meaning CEOs, Managers or Corporate Strategists will no doubt try incorporating fun into their management styles. While there are countless ways to have fun in the workplace, the general guess however remains that some employees may be too distracted by the fun and hence loose out on the productivity. However, the success stories of same management styles that have adopted fun in the workplace indicates that there are variable ways of ensuring that despite the fun, employees not only meet their targets, but also exceed them. Companies like Google have demonstrated that fun and productivity can go hand-in-hand (Bryant, 2007). What Google offers – play station games, free food, scooters and pets among other things- are just an example of what organizations can give or allow their employees to indulge in. A peak of what life in the Google offices is like can be viewed at http://www. cnn. com/video/#/video/business/2007/01/05/fortune. best. cos. to. work. for. cnn. cnn According to Bathurst (2008), fun in the work place has more than simple benefits. Besides improving productivity, organizations are using it today to battle employee turnover. This is because employees who enjoy the work environment are more likely to stick in the same job for longer than disgruntled employees are. Besides, employees today have more choices and can easily change jobs than was the case in the 1950’s. In conclusion, fun in the workplace has become the new business management trend that people believe encourages employee creativity, morale, satisfaction, productivity and increases employee retention. As such, fun has undeniably become an integral part of the modern corporate culture. References Allbusiness. com. (2008). Making the Workplace Fun. AllBusiness: A D B company. Retrieved 06 May 2009 from http://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/employee-development-team-building/11357-1. html Barthurst, Patricia. (2008). Having fun at work increases Loyalty, Productivity. AZcentral. com. Retrieved from http://www. azcentral. com/business/articles/2008/06/01/20080601biz-funatwork0601-ON. html Bryant, Steve. (2007). Perks du Soleil: Fun-Loving Google named Best place to Work. Retrieved from http://googlewatch. eweek. com/content/inside_google/perks_du_soleil_google_named_best_place_to_work. html Cognex. com. (2009). Cognex Corporation: Senior Management. Retrieved from http://www. cognex. com/CognexInfo/Leadership/default. aspx? id=210 Fry, Ann. (2001). Just Having Fun at work can boost productivity. Austin Business Journal. Retrieved http://austin. bizjournals. com/austin/stories/2001/06/04/smallb4. html Greenwood, Ramon. Are you Having Fun at Work? Career Know-how. Retrieved from http://www. careerknowhow. com/guidance/fun. htm Hemsath, Dave. (1997). Are we having Fun Yet? Journal of Quality and participation. Retrieved from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3616/is_199711/ai_n8773216/pg_2/? tag=content;col1 Jeffcoat Gibson. (2006). Fun as Serious as Business: Creating a Fun Work Environment As an Effective Business Strategy. Journal of Business and Economic Research. Vol. 4. No. 2. Retrieved from http://www. cluteinstitute-onlinejournals. com/PDFs/2006321. pdf jobsdb. com. (2009). Making the Workplace Fun. JobsDB. com. Retrieved from http://th. jobsdb. com/TH/EN/V6HTML/Home/humanresource_editor26. htm Karl Peluchette. (2006). How does Workplace Fun Impact employee Perceptions of Customer service Quality. Abst. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Vol. 13. No. 2. Retrieved from http://jlo. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2/2 Lynn, Harland. (2005). Attitudes toward Workplace fun: A Three-Sector Comparison. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies. Retrieved http://www. allbusiness. com/buying_exiting_businesses/3503649-1. html Narisi, Sam. (2008). HR’s Funny side: What Kind of Fruit would you be? HR Recruiting Alert. com. Retrieved 06 May 2009 from http://www. hrrecruitingalert. com/hrs-funny-side-what-kind-of-nut-would-you-be/ McGarvey, Robert. (1996). Comic Relief- Having fun at Work. Entrepreneur Journal. Retrieved from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0DTI/is_n10_v24/ai_18726422/pg_2/? tag=content;col1 Ryan, Kevin. (2004). Humor in Business: 16 ways How to cite Bringing Fun to an Organization, Papers

Mozarts Piano Sonata No. 8 in A Minor Program Note free essay sample

The Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310, composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is an original piece which stands out even among all of his other works. To fully appreciate this sonata however, one must understand the events in Mozart’s life preceding the writing of this piece. Written in the summer of 1778 shortly after the death of his mother, for which his own father blamed him, the Piano Sonata No. 8 expresses Mozart’s pain and anguish following the loss of his mother. (LaPhil) Offering stark contrasts throughout, whether they are between the different movements, or within the movements themselves, this piece constantly reflects the shock, confusion, and agony of losing a loved one. And it is for this reason that I believe this sonata is the manifestation of Victor Hugo’s quote. The eighth out of eighteen sonatas written my Mozart, it is the first of only two to be written in a minor key. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozarts Piano Sonata No. 8 in A Minor Program Note or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This alone sets the sonata apart from the rest, giving it a darker undertone from the beginning. The first movement, whose tempo marking is allegro meastoso, (fast, in a paced march-like manner) opens with a vehement melody as the first theme. The right hand is playing a very staccato rhythm, which is complimented by the left hand’s much smoother cadence. (LaPhil) This results in a dense flurry of notes, which reflects the frantic anger, and depression one could not help but feel after the loss of a mother. By giving the listener only brief pauses between these sections of dense melody, the chaos and angst of the theme is only fortified. The second movement in and of it self proves to be a striking contrast to the first. With the tempo marking andante cantabile con espressione (steady, in a lyrical expressive manner) its 3/4 tempo offers a lighthearted ambiance when juxtaposed to the 4/4 (common time) tempo of the first movement. The layered, chaotic tone of the first movement is replaced with a graceful melody that almost tickles the ear, giving the movement an upbeat, joyful tone in comparison. The use of the F major key leads to this section sounding more jovial to the listener as well, due to the fact that it is a diatonic scale. (A scale composed of seven pitches and a repeated octave) The third movement, with no hesitation, pulls the listener back into the chaotic maelstrom reflected in the first. Returning to the A minor key, with the tempo marking presto, (extremely fast) this section has a 2/4 tempo. Reintroducing the somber undertone of the A minor key, this time it has a more dramatic affect due to its faster tempo, especially because it follows the steady 3/4 tempo of the third. Similar to the first movement, there are moments in which the dense, rapid melody of the third movement is juxtaposed. Unlike in the first movement where this is done with brief moments of silence, Mozart juxtaposes this rapid melody with melodies that are reminiscent to those of the second movement. Mozart’s Piano Sonata No. 8 in A minor, K. 310 is one written as a response to the shock and mourning of the death of his mother. In this riveting piece filled with striking disparities such as the contrast between the second movement from the other two, and the imbalance caused by the breaks of silence in the first, Mozart truly simulates the emotional rollercoaster of someone who has just suffered the loss of a mother. I believe each divergence, in the way it takes the listener by surprise, encapsulates the trauma of losing a loved one, which he himself felt.

A Description Of The Six Principle Of Nonviolence Essays

A Description Of The Six Principle Of Nonviolence Essays A Description of the Six Principle of Nonviolence Martin Luther King Junior, an icon in the civil rights movement, stood for six main principles of nonviolence. The six principles were the guideline and the key to his success in making substantial improvements in the world of segregation and public prejudice. Martin Luther King Junior believed that nonviolence: was a way of life for courageous people, sought way to win friendship and understanding, sought a way to defeat prejudice and not people, held that suffering could educate and transform, chose live instead of hate, and believed that the universe was on the side of fate. These principles will be glanced at in the following paragraphs. Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. This statement is simply saying that a man of this belief does not have to resort to violent means, which intern gains him a somewhat higher moral authority regarding the matter. Someone who consistently lashes out physically in disagreement is on a lower moral level, and is quite obviously not making a valid attempt to cure the deficiency. Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. This says that violence is not progressive, but in fact against progress. Nonviolent means not only express an opinion about an issue, but also do not push relationships backwards. Nonviolent means attempt at friendship, whether successful or not. Nonviolence is not filled with rage, which allows the opposite party to ponder the ideas of the expresser. Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people. If someone disapproves of something, and they do so nonviolently, there is only room to move forward. On the other hand, however, if someone chooses the easiest way, the way of violence, that not only closes the minds of the opposing person, but acts as a catalyst towards their anger. Nonviolence targets the issue, not the supporting party of that issue. Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. This is for the good of both parties. In the bus boycotts, everyone suffered. The bus owners, the employers, as well as the boycotters suffered. This eventually taught them all lesson. The blacks learned that their nonviolence was very productive after a year, and the owners and employers learned that they should have been more receptive to the ideas and issues of the blacks. Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. It is quite clear that striking a man over his opposite view is hate-filled. This would not provide a gateway toward friendship, unlike the way of a nonviolent man. It would only make issues even harder to discuss civilly. Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of violence. Dr. King thought that eventually God would prevail in the way of moral value. Even if human laws went against these values, Dr. King thought that good would eventually supercede evil. These brief descriptions of Dr. Martin Luther King Junior?s six principles of nonviolence provide some detail and examples of each principle?s application. Dr. King practiced, as well as preached these six principles up until his death in mid 1968. He was well versed in nonviolence, and was prosecuted many times for his practices. In practicing these six principles, Dr. King did gain much moral authority, and it would seem that he was found to be correct in his principle that stated that the universe was on the side of justice, as we can see today.

How to Get Your Essay Started

How to Get Your Essay Started How to Get Your Essay Started Starting an essay is the most difficult activity that students face in their academic career. Students have the tendency to procrastinate in completing their essay writing assignments simply because they think they have more time than they actually do. How to get your essay started is probably the most recurring question on a student’s mind. The essay writing process should be as smooth as possible so that the student writer is motivated to develop the essay fully. First, it is important to read and understand all the essay requirements before beginning. Having the guidelines and requirements at hand enables one to be cognizant of the number of words required and the type of research to be undertaken, as well as determining who targeted audience is. Before writing the essay, it is important to establish a writing schedule. Lengthy custom essays have a myriad of requirements that are all assessed by the evaluator. Students who fail to adhere to these instructions often find themselves with low grades even if the content of the paper is great. To jump-start the essay writing process, one is expected to not only understand the paper requirements but also to employ critical thinking skills. Think about each question and determine what is expected at the completion of the paper. The essay writing process includes a schedule for completing each step and an outline of what one plans to write. Basically, a good essay begins with a brief idea of what the topic encompasses. The topic may be broad, and so it is narrowed down and the purpose of the essay expressed as a thesis statement. The introductory paragraph states the paper’s theme and may mention the main points, as well. Writers are expected not to provide details in the first paragraph. Instead, the body of the paragraph will state the main points again and provide supporting details and elaboration. In addition, correct choice of words and vivid explanations make the essay interesting. Furthermore, extensive research on the topic and generation of new concepts and insight adds value to the essay. Good essays always provide the strengths and weaknesses of various viewpoints related to the issue at hand. This allows the reader to understand both sides of an issue objectively. Before writing, it is necessary to gather all the relevant sources on the essay topic. Recently published articles and journals are often the best sources to use in essay writing. Developing several drafts makes it easier to correct mistakes and to add value in terms of new ideas and concepts. The process of writing a quality essay takes time; therefore, students are advised to begin the paper as soon as it is assigned. However, students who find the essay writing process too demanding always have the option of outsourcing to essay writers online from credible paper writing service institutions. Even so, these students are expected to understand the requirements for the specific essay they need writers to complete for them. Regardless of who writes the paper or the purpose of the paper, certain components are needed for it to be considered well-written. It must contain a clear thesis statement and supporting details. These allow the reader to understand and accept the writer’s position. Additionally, the flow and clarity of ideas is dependent upon the development of an outline. If ideas and concepts are arranged in a logical manner, then the paper will appear coherent. As a result, the reader is more likely not only to understand the paper but to also enjoy reading it. Feel free to get professional essay writing help from academic writers at !

Letter of Motivation for Master of Laws in Advanced Studies in Public Essay

Letter of Motivation for Master of Laws in Advanced Studies in Public International Law - Essay Example Throughout my student career, and also in my working life, the particular focus on global politics and the consequent legal frameworks supporting international systems have sharpened in my mind. I am at present completing a Master’s program in Global Politics and International Relations at Bahà §eÅŸehir University in Istanbul (begun in 2007) and am currently employed as a Research Assistant at Okan University Faculty of Law in the department of Public International Law. Previous to this I achieved the Master of European Union Law at Istanbul University, where I studied from 2006 to 2009, after completion of my under-graduate courses at the Marmara University Faculty of Law (2000-2005). Evident from both my thesis topics within the courses mentioned above, and my employment history, is the committed interest I have in International Law. For the LLM Program at the Istanbul University Faculty of Law, I submitted the thesis The German Practice within the Scope of the EU Counter-Terrorism Policies; my current thesis topic is titled Migration and Citizenship in Turkey. I have also sought out work, short-course, and seminar opportunities related to my field of interest. I was a trainee at the Center for Eurasian Strategic Studies in 2007. I also worked in organizational and co-ordination capacities at the NATO Summit in Istanbul (2004); the World News Agencies Summit (2003); and the ECO Heads of State Summit Meeting in 2002. Additionally, I have attended seminars on topics as diverse as the Enlargement Process of the European Union and Turkey, The Effects of Globalization on the Law – the Role of the WTO, and Violence against Women and Sexual Crimes during the last few years. As a student, too, I was involved in this area – as President of the European Law Students’ Association (2003-2004) and as Vice-President of Seminars and Conferences for ELSA Istanbul (2002). I was also awarded the DAAD Scholarship to enter the â€Å"Program for International

What Thucydides says about this war. political science Essay

What Thucydides says about this war. political science - Essay Example This poses a very difficult situation for city-states with inadequate forces. Throughout the Peloponnesian War, considerably weaker city states go ally with those of greater military capabilities. Back then there were two coalitions that equally hold significant forces to be reckoned with, the Athenians with their naval supremacy, and the Peloponnesian who are highly adept in fighting using ground forces with Sparta at its helm. City-states and colonies with disputes align themselves to the either league to gain advantage over impending hostilities and win agreeable settlements (Blanco). In my opinion this war is ideally represented by the bargaining model of war presented by Retier which states that â€Å"war as a continuation of the bargaining process, rather than a breakdown. Fighting breaks out when two sides cannot reach a bargain that both prefer to war and each side fights to improve its chances of getting a desirable settlement† (27). This model is further supported by the rational causes of war presented by Fearon. Two out of three reasons he presented satisfies the emergence of the Peloponnesian war, namely: â€Å"War due to private information and incentives to misrepresent† (390) and that â€Å"War as a consequence of commitment problems†

Various factors which will affect the grain markets

Various factors which will affect the grain markets Stopford (2009, p.1) says that forecasting is not an impossible task, but successful forecasting calls for a bit of smoke and mirrors. Forecasting is important because it helps the business to prepare for the future. This essay will forecast the grain shipping markets by analysing various factors which will affect the grain markets. This essay will forecast for the next 3 months as current grain crop year finishes in June 2010. The grain trades are unpredictable, with the tonnage requiring shipment hugely dependent on the size of harvests in the producing regions, and in those consuming countries whose imports largely depend on the size of their own crops. It is a trade where the flexibility of sea transport really counts. This essay will look into various supply and demand factors affecting the shipping industry by giving previous statistical data and then analyse and forecast the data for the supply and demand factors. BACKGROUND OF TOPIC The history of grain trade is as old as the birth of civilisation. International shipment of grain was also present during the ancient Greece and roman empires. In the modern days grain trading plays an important role in the global economy and governments have a special claim over the grain. Grain has an economic and political importance and is also one of the major issues while policy making (Atkin, 1995). Grain in essence means wheat, corn (Maize) etc. Soya bean is also considered grain as categorised in International grain code. Soya bean market will not be considered in this essay. Grain is shipped mainly my handy size and panamax size ships, very rarely capsize ships are used. (Atkin, 1995 and Genco Shipping, 2010) There are mainly five big players in the grain industry such as Cargill and they account to almost three-quarters of the world grain shipment (Atkin, 1995). Grain is traditionally exported from America and Argentina while importing nations are Japan, Middle East natio ns. Grain trade routes have changed in recent times because of industrialisation and technology advancement. The changes in trade routes are because of availability of information from leading indicators and traders can forecast the grain production. Some of the key leading indicators are the Baltic dry index which gives the reflection of the freight rates of commodities (Iron ore, coal, grain) that are shipped around the world. Another good indicator for grain is the IGC grain freight index (FAO, 2009). It is similar to BDI but is calculated only for grain cargo. Grain trading information is available on the FAO, Grain council, UNCTAD and USDA websites. Source: Noble group, 2010 FORECASTING AND ANALYSIS OF GRAIN MARKET Forecasting shipping market is concerned with the futures of the markets as a whole. Forecasting looks at the external environment in which a shipping company operates. The main objective is to examine the world grain market and prepare a forecast for the next three months. Overall supply and demand factors statistical analysis will be done and how these factors will affect the freight rate markets will be analysed (Stopford, 1997). Prior to making an analysis it is very important to understand the business cycle of shipping industry. As per Stopford, 1997, p.42 it is a process by which the market co-ordinates supply with changes in demand by means of familiar cycle of booms and slumps. When forecasting the shipping market understanding of business cycle is very important. There are four stages of cycle as shown in the diagram (Stopford, 1997). Traders should understand the stages of shipping cycles and accordingly plan their decisions. Stages in Dry Market cargo cycle Source: Stopford, 1997 Key Indicators Baltic Dry index (BDI) is a key indicator for bulk trade and is an economic indicator for future trades. The business cycle is analysed by using the BDI. BDI shows for all dry bulk cargoes and for all trade routes. Another key indicator is the Grain Freight Index (GFI). It takes into consideration only grain cargoes. It is composed of 15 major grain routes, representing the main grade trade flows. Cape size vessels are not included only handy size and panamax vessels are included in the calculation of GFI. (FAO, 2009) Source: FAO, 2009 CURVE OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN TRAMP SHIPPING Shipping industry is a derived demand. There are various factors which affect the shipping markets. The supply demand model explains the various factors which affect the shipping industry. The graph below shows the supply and demand curves in tramp shipping. Demand for shipping grain in short term is in-elastic as grain is a basic necessity. But if the price of shipping increases then in the longer run the importer looks for alternative options (Volk, 2002). Supply is mainly related to number of ships in the market, and available ships for transporting cargo. Normally in liner trade the supply curve starts off with minimum rate and in good market conditions where supply of ships is less than demand the curve rises, but it remains there for a short span (Volk, 2002). Analysis of these supply and demand factors is very essential to understand the shipping market and prepare a forecast. Source: (Volk, 2002). The graph shows the relationship between demand and supply in grain trading. Increase in demand during bad market conditions (D1 to D2) does not have influence on freight rate (P1 and P2) as sufficient tonnage is available. The increase in demand (D3 to D4) leads to a significant rate increase (P3 to P4) (Volk, 2002). ANALYSIS OF DEMAND SIDE FACTORS The world economy The world economy plays a very important role in influencing the ships demand. There is a very close relationship between countries becoming wealthier and increase in demand for grain transport by sea. Hence understanding of the global economy is important to judge the trends in the grain trade. (Stopford, 1997).The world GDP is increasing every year and as per statistics from IMF in 2008 the world GDP increased by 3.0 % and in 2009 it decreased by -0.8%. In the emerging economies like China 8.7% and India 5.6% GDP growth is enormous and the countries are developing fast (IMF, 2010). As can be seen from the diagram below, as the countries develops economically the demand for commodities traded by sea increases. It is a cyclic process where the increase in seaborne trade helps the countries to economic growth and the world markets grow. More over globalisation has also resulted in growth of seaborne trade. (Stopford, 1997). Source: Author generated China and India also have a very high population. The capacity of developing countries especially China and India to consume basic foodstuff such as bread have increased. Hence it has directly affected the global consumption of grain and hence the increase in trade (Atkin, 1995). As countries get wealthier they also tend to change their dietary patterns. The demand for meat is increasing every year. This is directly affecting the coarse grain trade (USDA, 2008). Almost 70% of coarse grain consumption is in the form of animal feed (Atkin, 1995). Seaborne commodity trades Grain accounts to about 7% of the world seaborne trade as per Clarksons (2008 cited in Scott, 2010). Grain trade is driven by production and consumption trends in different areas of the world, by the local weather conditions and crop yields and changing pattern of food consumption. Grain is also used for making bread or pasta or feed to animals to produce meat (ICS, 2004). Grain is grown very widely around the world. In the northern hemisphere there is USA, Canada European union and in the southern hemisphere there is Argentina and Australia. Hence harvests are crops reach seaborne trade throughout the year (Genco Shipping, 2010). Most of the grain grown in China and India is used for local consumption and hence it does not affect the seaborne trade. Countries like USA produce grain for exporting stock up the grain in SILOS which also helps the grain trade to flow throughout the year (Atkin, 1995 and IGC, 2010). Worlds grain trade has increased over the year s, as per current data the trade has increased from 215 million tons in 2005/06 to 239 million tons in 2007/08 (FAO, 2009). Source: Clarkson 2008 cited in Scott 2010. There are seasonal variations due to climatic conditions and difference in productivity of soil (Atkin, 1995). Seaborne grain trade is also affected by natural calamities, earthquakes such as one in Haiti in 2010. Other Factors such as a drought or flood in China may force the country in the one or other year to import grain from the USA (Volk, 2002). Over the years the grain production is associated with instability in production. This is result of extensive spread of high yield seeds and cultivation technology. This has resulted in farmers in different regions are exposed to similar problems like fertilizer prices, crop disease (Atkin, 1995). The seaborne trade of grain also depends upon which part of the world is good harvest of which type and quality of grain (Atkin, 1995). Majority of the produced grain crop is used for domestic consumption as is the case with India and China. Countries such as USA and Australia produce grain only for exporting (Atkin, 1995). As per statistics from IGC total grain production for year 07/08 was 1697 million tons out of which only 239 million tons was traded in the world market (FAO, 2009). Grain statistics is calculated for the crop year starting from June every year. Hence the data available for forecasting will be only till June 2010 because of the harvest season. (Scott, 2010) As grain production depends upon so many factors it is difficult to get an outlook in future because of the current growing season in the northern hemisphere which is influential in forecasting of grain. International grain council publishes its grain forecast only after June every year (Scott, 2010). Average haul Demand for sea transport is directly related to distance over which the cargo is shipped. Sea transport demand is measured in tonne mile. Ton mile = Tonnage of cargo shipped x Average distance over which it is transported Source: UNCTAD, 2009, p.30 As seen from the above table the world seaborne trade for grain in ton-mile has increased over the years from 475 billion ton-mile in 1970 to 2,029 billion ton-mile in 2008. The average haul for grain has increased over the years which are directly affecting the demand for ships (Platou, 2010). Transport of grains and soybeans were also longer in 2009, mainly due to increased Asian sourcing from Atlantic exporters. (Platou, 2010, p.22). Political events and Agricultural policies Political events indirectly affect the demand for transport of grain cargoes. The impacts of wars will affect the trade for a short term. Political embargo such as, The grain embargo, introduced by the United States on the USSR after the invasion of Afghanistan, reduced Russian grain supplies by about six million tonnes in 1979/80. This affected a change in the grain trade as Russia had to buy grain from other nations such as Canada, Australia and EU (Tarrant, 2002). Agricultural policies in countries also affect the world grain market. Policies made directly affect the production of grain and it also protects the farmers from the world market conditions (ATkin,1995). India had imposed a grain export ban because it wanted to use the produced grain for its internal market. India which is the second largest producer of wheat is now planning to lift the ban on exports because this year wheat output is going to be more than required for local consumption. Hence in the interest of the country India will open its grain markets to the world. (Hellenic shipping news, 2010). Key players in grain trade There are five major international grain trading companies. These players account to three-quarters of the grain shipped internationally. Hence these companies have the power to manage the physical flow of grain from farmer to consumer (Atkin, 1995). The shipping part of grain is very complex and is also very risky. Grain is traded extremely widely and hence informational network need to operate on a global scale. The big grain companies have information systems which provide them information from every country. Their agents are located in every significant grain producing, exporting, and importing nation, monitoring the weather, economic trends, crop conditions and political development. Hence the economics of scale deter new entrant from entering into the grain market. Hence these big companies can be influential in affecting the markets (Atkin, 1995). ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY SIDE FACTORS The supply side factors mainly consist of the ships which are available and operating in the market. The supply of ships is mainly controlled by four decision makers, Ship owners, charterers, bankers and various regulatory authorities which make rules. The supply of shipping capacity depends upon the judgment made by these players. To understand this first we will discuss the supply side factors and how they are influence by the freight rates. World fleet Historically grain cargo is carried onboard general cargo ships. By the late 1950s bulk carriers appeared into the shipping market. Eventually there where ships built which could carry grain cargo. These ships construction was such that they had self trimming holds which would make them safer to carry grain in bulk. The use of large bulk carriers was instrumental in growth of bulk trade. For grain transportation handy max and panama ships are normally used, but on some occasions cape size bulk carriers are also used (Stopford, 1997). There has been rapid change in the size of the bulk fleet and with new technology and designs such as self un-loaders coming up investors have to make complex decision when ordering new ships. As can be seen from the table the bulk merchant fleet has grown from 276 m dwt in 2000 to 418 million dwt in 2009 (UNCATAD, 2009). The panamax ships have increased from 65.4 m dwt in 1999 to 121.1 m dwt in 2009 while the handy max market has increased f rom 45.3 m dwt in 1999 to 91.9 m dwt in 2009. (Clarksons, 2010 cited in Scott, 2010) Source: (Lloyds Register Fairplay cited in UNCTAD, 2009) Fleet productivity Fleet productivity is calculated to understand the condition of the current markets. The fleets operating performance changes in response to market conditions such as E.g. If market is favourable then a grain carrier ship after completing its loaded voyage can carry cargo during its return voyages. This will increase the productivity of ships. As can be seen from the graph below the ton-mile per deadweight of the bulk fleet has not changed over the past couple of years. This is mainly because of good market conditions in the last three years. Source: UNCTAD, 2009, p.94 Ship building production New ships added into the fleet plays an important part in the supply and demand markets. This helps to level out the demand or it can also cause oversupply of ships. New ships added into the market do not create a short term effect but it is a long term effect. For ships to be built and to deliver time taken is as much as from 6months to 4years. Hence orders for ships are placed as per the estimate demand for cargo. During the bulk carrier building boom in mid-1980s bulk carriers had developed a dominant role in shipbuilding, which resulted in overproduction and surplus of ships. The dry-bulk market new building market has been comparatively stable as compared to the tanker markets (Stopford, 1997). The graph below shows the delivery of new build ships over the years has increased and was at its peak in 2007 and 2008 when the market was booming. This also shows that investors can be driven by market sentiments and buy ships in the current booming market at sk y high prices and fail to understand that ships will be delivered after 2 to 3 years time. Source: UNCTAD, 2009. Scrapping The fleet size also depends upon scrapping and loss of ships. Scrapping also balances the size of fleet in the market. Scrapping of ships is mainly depended upon the market conditions and also factors such as age, scarp prices, current earnings of ships, and change in regulations (Stopford, 1997). Scrapping of ships is normally a decision made in interest of the business. The futures market is also taken into consideration when making such decision (UNCTAD, 2009). As seen from table below percentage of scrapping of ships was very less in the booming period from year 2005 to 2008 as compared to years 2000 to 2004. This clearly shows that scrapping is mainly decided according to market conditions. Source: UNCTAD, 2009. * Vessels over 10000 dwt Freight rates Freight rates influence the supply of sea transport. The shipping business depends upon freight rates and it is the ultimate market regulator. (Stopford, 1997) In grain trading freight rate plays an important role in the marketing chain of grain market. Grain is a bulky and low value commodity, hence transportation costs account for a substantial part of the price of grain. The ocean freight rates for grain are variable and volatile. They are not co related with the price of grain. This is mainly because grain prices cycles are mainly driven by weather conditions, agricultural policy and general economic development (Atkin, 1995). While freight rates are derived by market conditions, supply and demand factors. One of the main factors of grain market is unlike other cargoes where geographical regions are defined grain imports are done by a range of countries with varying capacity. Hence grain markets are mainly spot charter markets, where freight rates are fixed on spot . Normally in grain trading tramp steamers are hired on a voyage charter basis. Freight rates are determined by the overall balance in supply/demand of vessels and cargo (Atkin, 1995). FORECASTING OF GRAIN TRADE World economy The worlds GDP as per statistics from IMF shows 3.9% increase for the year 2010 (Clarksons, 2010 cited in Scott, 2010). This is more due to the growth in emerging economies which is expected to rise by 6 percent. Advanced economies are expected to rise by 2% in 2010. Due to strength in demand from emerging economies commodity prices are expected to rise a bit (IMF, 2010). Global Population is going to grow at an assumed average of about 1.1 percent per year. Population in developing countries are going to increase more than the population in the developed countries. With fast industrialisation and urbanisation of developing countries and increase in young population in developing countries the demand for grain is going to see and upward trend (ERSUSDA, 2008). Seaborne commodity trade Grain production will be mainly dominated by USA followed by Argentina which is the second largest and then Canada and Australia. The world main grain exporters and importers are shown in the graphs below. Exports of grain will be dominated by USA where as Imports will be mainly from the Asia/Pacific region followed by Latin America Africa and Middle East (Genco Shipping 2010 IGC, 2010). As per International grain council for the crop year 2009/10 wheat and coarse grain trade may fall by 17.6 million tonnes or 7% to 230.8 million tons (Scott, 2010). Source: IGC, 2010 Source: IGC, 2010 Source: IGC, 2010 Wheat and Corn (Maize) are the major grains which are traded in the global market and they account for almost 89% of the world grain trade (IGC, 2010). Wheat and Coarse grain outlook Wheat crop production has touched a record high in Russia, Algeria and Australia. Also world wheat stocks in the five major exporting nations have forecasted an eight year high. As per estimates wheat imports will be reduced due to good harvest in importing countries such as Middle East and North Africa (Scott, 2010). Worlds corn harvest will remain unchanged for the year 2009/10. The projected corn trade for 2009/10 (October-September) is at 84.9 million tons which is lot lower than 2007/08 which is 101 million tons. Imports by Vietnam and China are increased slightly but it is not going to affect much in the world trade (USDA, 2010). The corn trade is going to increase because of more shipments to Canada, Brazil and Syria. Exports from Argentina and Brazil are going to increase due to good harvest. This is going to affect the USA corn exports which will be less this year (IGC, 2010). Moreover USA is using corn for industrial purpose to produce ethanol which will also have an impact on its corn exports (USDA, 2010). Grain imports into Asia (Excluding Japan) are also expected to be slightly lower in 2009/10 by 2%. Pakistans imports may fall by almost 87% as compared to last year due to good domestic harvest (Scott, 2010). European Union imports will also be down by 20% because of good domestic crop availability. Middle East imports are also expected to be lower by almost 19% (Scott, 2010). Japan imports over the years are showing a downward trend which will continue for the remaining part of the year. South Koreas wheat and coarse grain imports may be 9% higher as there is increase in demand for feed grain (Scott, 2010). Overall wheat and coarse grain trading is going to see a decline till the end of June 2010. This effect is mainly because of less demand for wheat in the market. As per Scott (2010) global seaborne trade for grain will pick up from Mid-2010 onwards. Domestic crop in the northern hemisphere is the key influencing factors, because of the current growing season it is very difficult to forecast grain trade after June 2010. Policy effects Due to rising food prices of grain over the years some countries have adopted protective policies to support their local farmers and their consumers. Some exporting countries have made restrictions on export of grain to support their internal market. Argentina, Russia and Kazakhstan have imposed tax on grain especially wheat and corn exports. China went a step further they eliminated the subsidy which was given for grain exports and have levy a tax for grain exports. Argentina and Ukraine have established quantity restrictions on wheat exports. As export countries have taken protective measures to reduce rising grain prices in 2008, importing countries have also taken measures to reduce grain prices. Countries such as Indonesia and Serbia have reduced their import tariffs on wheat imports. This decrease in export quantity by countries and import countries subsidising tax on imports will create a surge in demand in grain market. But rising fuel cost for shipping grain will increase the price of grain (USDA, 2008). World fleet As per Clarksons the worlds fleet is going to increase by 11.4 % in 2010 as compared to the last year. The handy max market is going to increase by 14.2% in 2010 from precious year and the panama market is going to increase by 7.59% in 2010. (Clarksons 2010 cited in Scott, 2010) This is going to create and oversupply of ships in the market. Due to the large number of ships in the new building order books, but low freight rates and demand for ships it is getting increasing difficult to project the growth of fleet ahead (Platou, 2010). Port congestion is not likely to affect the grain market in the current economic conditions. Source: Platou report, 2010 As seen from the graph the oversupply of ships and falling demand is affecting the utilization rate of bulk carriers. As most of the grain trading is done in the spot market the oversupply of ships is going to affect the freight rates (Singh, 2009). The handy size market will not be affected by much because the growth of handy size is limited. The number of Handy size ships built in 2010 will be higher but that is likely to be offset by scrapping of ships (Clarksons 2010 cited in Scott, 2010). Ship Owners are also converting single hull tankers to bulk carriers because of changes in regulations in tanker markets. This is also going to increase number of ships in the market (Scott, 2010). Shipbuilding As per Clarksons new ships joining the world fleet are going to increase the fleet by almost 61.9 million dwt by 2010. This is a very significant rise in deadweight to the world fleet (Clarksons cited in Scott, 2010). The ships whose delivery was delayed in 2009 are also going to hit the shores by 2010. Hence that may also result in rise of tonnage (Fairplay, 2010) As per estimates the new building which has been ordered have to be cut back by 40% so that the supply will balance the demand side by 2012 (Platou, 2010). Scrapping As per Clarksons (2010) cited in Scott (2010) an estimated on 11 million dwt tons of ships will be scrapped in the year 2010. But scrapping of ships is mainly a function of earnings hence it will mostly depend upon the freight rates earned by ships (Platou 2010). In the handy size market in 2009 5.3 million tons was scarped and this trend is going to follow in 2010. (Scott, 2010). CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS The grain trade is going to experience a decline in the crop year 2009/10. This decline is mainly because of good wheat harvest in most parts of the world, coarse grain trade will be following previous trends. In addition to good harvest the surplus of ships in the market is going to lower down the freight prices in the grain spot markers. Rising fuel prices may have an effect on freight rates which may offset the cheap freights offered by ships. In the near future grain trade routes will remain the same. The production of ethanol from corn will affect the grain exports from USA, but good harvest in Argentina and Brazil will nullify the effect. The world wheat production has a current surplus in the market which will lower down the price of wheat. Hence it is likely that in spite of surplus wheat and less demand from importing countries, importing countries may take advantage of low prices and will import more wheat and increase their wheat stock.

Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C.E. Pgs

Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places.Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities. Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with it s spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route.Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alreadydominant in places. Politically, the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same in the sensethat it flourished while under the control of strong Analyze the change and continuities in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 to1750 C. E. Pgs. Across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, from 650- 1750 C. E. , theIndian Ocean trade had many changes and continuities.Economically, the IndianOcean trade stayed the same with its spread of goods from one place to another, but changed because of the ways goods were traded along this trade route. Culturally,the Indian Ocean trade stayed the same because of the same continuous spread of religion and ideas, and changed because of the diffusion of thereligions alr eadydominant in places.

Choosing Good Analytical Essay Outline

Choosing Good Analytical Essay Outline Getting the Best Analytical Essay Outline The major target of an analytical essay is to learn more about the key points on a selected topic in the shape of a reply to numerous questions to discuss or provide the analysis. You need to try to ascertain the method by which the inventor of the original work presented her or his argument as a way to attain the established target. After all, there may be several diverse angles to one and the identical issue, and you ought to pick yours before you get started writing. If you must do any research, you ought to archive all the sources that you feel you will use for simplicity of access during the writing process. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Analytical Essay Outline Then ask yourself whether you want to compose a conclusion tying everything together. There are several ways to create your final draft clear and totally free of mistakes in English. The best method to guarantee that is to prod uce a very good outline. The terms which are in use are usually based on and derived from other ways for various viewers. Analytical Essay Outline Be aware that it is made up of several certain parts that are obligatory in each and every essay. There are many sorts of essays, it isn't tough to drop your eye on all your writing assignments. Based on this issue, each essay will change dependent on the depth of the thesis. Clearly, writing an essay on the subject of marijuana is too general. Lies You've Been Told About Analytical Essay Outline The use of the abstract is to outline briefly all sections of the paper. Your thesis statement will supply you with a road map for the remainder of your paper and can help you decide upon the key points of your paper. As soon as you've made the second read of the text it's time to locate which is the topic of the text. You also ought to make sure that you have written the correct number of words for your essay. Have somebody else read your essay and offer constructive criticism before writing a last draft. Quite simply, an analytical essay focuses on a single idea or thought and offers an informative bit of writing on the matter. Therefore, it is a piece of writing that provides an informative observation about the specific topic or idea. Writing isn't the challenging part. Proofreading is the most crucial portion of the post writing process. You can also see Outline Templates. What's more, you are able to also have a look at our Essay Outline Templates, which will be able to help you structure your essays. The main purpose of the body paragraphs is to fully show the thesis statement. The introduction should include three or more thingsa hook, your thesis statement, and a sentence or two describing how you plan to demonstrate your thesis statement. When you've written your supporting thoughts and facts, return and ask yourself whether you would love to compose a brief introductory paragraph. Keep in mind you ought to devote separate paragraph to every one of your statements. Each individual paragraph should concentrate on a specific element of the thesis. In many instances, each paragraph or group of paragraphs will address just one such point so the arguments don't get entangled and confuse the reader. Generally, the correct choice of essay topic has an important part in overall writing success. If so, Elite Essay Writers will visit your rescue. Nerdymates, the most trustworthy essay writing service on the internet, provides a chance to become guaranteed great essay. An analysis essay is a sort of persuasive essay. A cultural analysis essay may be an intriguing bit of work to create. Nearly all analysis essays are organized around an argument that's stated in a thesis paragraph close to the start of the essay. You must generate a thesis statement since it's the most essential part of each essay. Before you commence working on an analytical essay you've got to start with analytical essay definition. You should certainly search for an analytical essay example. Whenever your analytical essay is all typed up, they will be able to help you make certain that it's as fantastic as it can get. The True Meaning of Analytical Essay Outline You could also visit Memo Templates. Templates enable you to organize your thought process in a specific way. All the templates are simple to download and print. On the 1 hand, you may also have a look at our Argumentative Essay templates to help you begin on your position paper.

Why Is Income Inequality an Important Issue for the...

Why is income inequality an important issue for the Chinese society and its future economic growth? Introduction Nowadays, China has become the second largest economy in the world. The GDP (gross domestic product) of china was growing at 9.7% per year in average since 1978, which the year of Chinese â€Å"open door† politic founded. China also has become the biggest producer and consumer in many key agricultural and industrial markets and the largest FDI recipient among the developing countries. The performance of china in developing of economy is called â€Å"china’s economic miracle†, which be studied by many economists. However, there are also bad results with the development of economy in china such as environment disruption, corruption and†¦show more content†¦The Gini coefficients of rural populations increased about 75% and the urban increased about 113% in these 30 years. Moreover, the aggregate Gini coefficient for China reached 0.4 by 2000, which imply the serious income inequality of China in general. At the same time, the class formation is also getting serious from these 30 years. The income ratios of top 10% urban households was 3 times to the bottom 10% in 1985, but it’s turn to about 9 in 2007, which showed in figure 5. Figure 5 Income ratios of top/bottom 10% urban households, 1985-2007 Although the income inequality is very serious in china, some economists based on â€Å"Kuznetss Inverted U-Curve Hypothesis†, still argue that is good for Chinese economy. The income inequality is the reasonable products of industrialization. They believe that China is in the initial stage of industrialization, so the income inequality is positive to Chinese economy like proving cheap labour force. However, they ignored many serious damage of income inequality to Chinese society and future economic growth. 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