The Issue of Performance Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Issue of Performance Measurement - Essay Example This paper seeks to address the issue of measurement within the context of SWOT, PESTEL and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis in response to Jengo Limited. The paper further illuminates on how budgeting would benefit Jengo Ltd’s in planning and controlling its inventory, recruitment, and cash management activities. Finally, it zeroes on how a balanced scorecard approach to measuring performance would benefit this company. SWOT analysis Broadly speaking, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate and aid in project formulation and strategic plans (Bohm 2008, p. 3). Just like Bohm notes, a SWOT analysis should be used in mapping out an organization’s Strengths and Weaknesses of the products and services and assess the extent to which they are in tandem and how they could possibly be improved. Beyond this, SWOT analysis is used to reflect on the Opportunities and Threats exposed by information accrued usually through evaluation of the external environment and through comparative studies (Bohm 2008, p. 3, Habour 1997, p. 38). POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERNAL Strengths 1. Financially sound with good profit margins 2. An established name among customers 3. Offers quick modern services 4. Initiates Brand strategies 5. Many distribution channels 6. offers long-lasting, fashionable clothes by a variety of established designers 7. Sound management Weaknesses 1. Few branches across the United Kingdom 2. Poor planning in terms of staffing and training 3. Integration of operations worldwide 4. High prices 5. No product differentiation 6. Poor planning in budgeting and documentation EXTERNAL Opportunities 1. Emerging Markets in other parts of the United Kingdom and elsewhere 2. A number of interested companies to be shareholders including palisade Plc 3. Can use e-marketing strategy to further enhance market base 4. Support from Palisade Plc Threats 1. Stiff Competition from other clothing business providers in the United Kingdom 2. Competition from similar Business offeri ng the same services at cheaper prices 3. Government Regulation –business overregulated Porters Five Forces Analysis of Jengo This framework was developed by Michael Porter. The tool essentially enables businesses to deal with dynamic markets, gauge competitive ground and make decisions regarding entering target markets successfully (Friedman 1999, p. 5, Hoffman 2001). Further, it enables in identifying partner as well as implications that joint ventures may pose (Bradford & Duncan 1999). This is done by evaluating the following five key areas as espoused by Porter: New Entrants: At the moment for Jengo, there seem to be many potential businesses that may want to venture into clothing, fashion, and design business. Buyer’s Power: The buyers that Jengo has to seem to be solid. However, they seem to complain about prices. Alternatives should be provided since they may shift their loyalty. Substitute Products and Services: Certainly, there are alternatives to what Jango d oes and this may invite donors to look elsewhere. Power of Suppliers: The suppliers for Jengo are few and this means that they determine a great deal especially in strategy formulation within the company. Current Competition: Competition does exist as there are many companies who offer the same products even at lower prices.

Social and political in the 19th century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social and political in the 19th century - Essay Example As a result of his care, though, his discoveries were well-founded and difficult to disprove especially as others were also making similar discoveries at the time. Another great thinker that had a significant impact on cultural attitudes and beliefs was Karl Marx. Marx focused his attention on the ways in which different societies worked, paying particular attention to how conflict between the classes helped to shape the way the society was organized. His predictions and writings were so influential that they have helped to found entire governmental systems. The new ideas these two men introduced to the world had an impact not only on how we understand the world around us, but also how we understand one another including changing common concepts of gender relations. It was the mid-1800’s when Charles Darwin took his famous trip to the Galapagos and witnessed tangible evidence for his theory regarding the origin of all species. The 13 islands of the Galapagos chain are relative ly close to each other geographically but are vastly different environmentally. Some of the islands offer desert-like conditions, others more tropical, some sandy, some rocky. Attempting to catalog the various species he found, Darwin realized many of them had originated as one species, but had evolved adaptations needed for survival according to the different conditions on the different islands. He hypothesized adaptations to new environments would take place over long periods of time, millions of years, through the process of natural selection. Natural selection works when an animal is born with a specialized new trait that helps it survive in its environment. This animal thrives and produces offspring that carry the same inherited trait so they live longer and have more babies. Eventually the new type ‘wins out’ over the old and a new species is started. It didn't take long for these concepts to be applied to human development. Darwinian anthropology suggests that be havior is shaped by the needs and expectations of the social environment and is also based on best fitness to survive. Therefore, â€Å"the way to look for adaptations is not to try to find ancient mental mechanisms but to look at current behavior in relation to local environmental conditions† (Cartwright). Instead of inborn traits and physical attributes, Darwinian anthropology suggests people strive to adapt their behavior based upon new learning and new skills to cope with their social environment. This is proven to some extent in the case of immigrants. Although first generation immigrants usually struggle to incorporate into their new society, successive generations develop the adaptive tools necessary to survive with greater success within the same environment. Under the umbrella of Darwinian anthropology, â€Å"culture should be viewed a part of a fitness maximization program. Humans are flexible opportunists and so optimality models can be used† to predict beha vior (Cartwright). These types of realizations led to a new consideration regarding the supposed helplessness and presumed handicaps of women during this age. People began questioning whether the problems were culturally rather than biologically ingrained. This line of

Secure Sockets Layer in Security Technology

Secure Sockets Layer in Security Technology SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) the most widely used and most powerful measure in security technology for creating an encrypted link between the Web Server web browsers. If the link is encrypted, they use https protocol. Secure receptacle Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the protocol above TCP, which can protect users confidentiality when they sending data from a customer side to a web server; this is an important protocol due to the extension of Internet. In fact, it is a long way to make the SSL/TLS protocol fully . However there are still flaw and problems during the development of SSL/TLS, and we cannot deny that theremaybe some other potential security hole in the latest version. sequential attack is fatal for both the user and the company in using these protocols to establish a safe channel to transfer information. This article will introduce three typical attacks: Cipher suite rollback attack, narration rollback attack and password exception in SSL/TLS channel.[1]. As the web and World Wide web become common, it is necessary to think about the system security. this can be because the plaintext flowing through the web is unencrypted, it is for cracker or hacker, even a user with none programming information, to intercept the message and modify it. The way to defend personal privacy, and a way to guarantee a secure on-line commerce.. These square measure the challenge for info Technology. SSL/TLS will created a legitimate secure channel between server and shopper which may code the plaintext, then the third party who intercept the message can not disclose the first message without decrypt it.[1]. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) could be a methodology for providing security for web primarily based applications. it is designed to create use of TCP to produce a reliable end-to-end secure service. SSL is not one protocol however rather two layers of protocols as illustrated It will be seen that one layer makes use of TCP directly. This layer is understood because the SSL Record Protocol and it provides basic security services to various higher layer protocols. an freelance protocol that creates use of the record protocol is that the hypertext language (HTTP) protocol. Another 3 higher level protocols that also create use of this layer are a part of the SSL stack.SSL include two phases: handshaking and information transfer. throughout the handshaking method, the consumer and server use a public-key encoding algorithm to work out secret key parameters, during the information transfer method, each side use the key to inscribe and decode successive information transmissions[1]. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a technology to encrypt communications between the user and the web server. It helps to prevent hacker attacks that are based on eavesdropping. When you use a web page that is protected by SSL, you see a padlock icon that assures you that the page is secure. 3.1 Is the web site really secure with SSL? No. SSL secures the network communication link only. Although this is an important security layer for sensitive applications, most attacks on websites are not actually done this way. Most attacks on websites are actually done in one of the following ways: The server is attacked directly. SSL does not protect you from this. Rather, you need to have a good IT security policy to protect your server. The user is attacked directly, either by infecting their PC with malware, or by using phishing to steal their passwords. SSL does not protect you from this, either. To protect your own PC from this, you need to use a good anti-virus program, and use lots of common sense and a small amount of paranoia when on the Internet. However, it is unrealistic to expect that all the PCs of all of your website visitors will be adequately protected. In other words, SSL does very little to prevent the website from being hacked. It only prevents 3rd parties from listening to communications between the user and the website. In that case, when is SSL important to have? If you are transmitting sensitive private data over the internet, SSL is an important additional security layer. Although eavesdropping may be a less common form of attack on the website, there is no reason not to protect against it if the consequences are serious. Although the risk to the website may not be that great, the risk to individual users may be significant in some cases. For instance, any user accessing your website from a public wifi connection (such as at a coffee shop) can be eavesdropped on fairly easily by other users at the same location. Eavesdroppers can see what is typed into forms on non-SSL sites, so the risks will depend on what sorts of forms you have. The most obvious high-risk form is your login form, which asks for username and password. An eavesdropper can potentially obtain these login credentials and then log in as that user. How risky or dangerous that is depends on what personal information the eavesdropper can obtain, or what harm they can cause with this information. Even if the risk is low with regards to your website, you should also consider that some users will re-use passwords on many websites, so the risk may extend to sites and situations that are beyond your control. What kind of sensitive private data needs protection? Private data is information that should only be known to you (the website owner) and the user. The most obvious example is credit card numbers. If you outsource your credit card processing to an external e-commerce gateway, the transactions are protected by your e-commerce providers SSL. Adding SSL on your website is not necessary in this case. Passwords are the next most obvious thing to protect, as noted above. If you do not have a membership or public user base, then your own personal admin passwords may be the only ones you need to think about. If you do not do website administration from public wifi networks, then this is not a major concern. Note that personal information such as names, email addresses, phone numbers, and mailing addresses are not private. This is information that is meant to be shared with others. SSL does not really protect information that is already publicly available in more accessible formats such as the phone book. (However, you do need a good privacy policy when storing and using peoples personal information, to assure your users why you need their personal information, and what you intend to use it for. This is mostly because some organizations have a history of selling their databases of personal information against the wishes of their clients. SSL does not help with this, however.) There is a grey zone between private data (which should be known only to you and the user), and personal data (which is known and used by many others). Individual pieces of personal data may not be a big deal, but if you collect enough personal data, identity theft may become a plausible threat. Special account or identity numbers (SSN, SIN, drivers license, health care, or passport numbers for example), along with birth dates, common security questions (eg. mothers maiden name, names of family members), and information of that nature may collectively comprise an identity that could be stolen for nefarious purposes. The more of this sort of information you collect, the more SSL might be a worthwhile addition to your security policy. The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol was adopted by Netscape in 1994 as a response to the growing concern over Internet security. Netscapes goal was to create an encrypted data path between a client and a server that was platform or OS agnostic. Netscape also embraced to take advantage of new encryption schemes such as the recent adoption of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), considered more secure than Data Encryption Standard (DES). Indeed, by June 2003, the US Government deemed AES secure enough to be used for classified information. 4.1 Birth of SSL When web browser developed their applications programmer, they found that in the dealings between internet server and web browser, there should be some security methodology to guard the message alternated between shopper and server, particularly for a few business poppers. At first, web browser established some secret writing in their applications. However, they found that the secret writing didnt support non-HTTP applications. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol was developed that is simply above the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) to form this security.[1]. 4.2 Development of SSL During the previous few years, SSL developed rapidly, as a result of theres invariably some secure holes and a few previous versions of SSL cannot forestall attacker to eavesdropping or intercept properly. as an example, Version 3.0 of SSL was destined to right a flaw in previous versions 2.0, the cipher-suite rollback attack, whereby Associate in Nursing entrant might get the parties to adopt a weak cryptosystem.[1]. TLS was discharged in response to the net communitys demands for a standardized protocol. The IETF provided a venue for the new protocol to be overtly discussed, and inspired developers to provide their input to the protocol. The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol was discharged in January 1999 to create a customary for private communications. The protocol allows client/server applications to communicate in an exceedingly approach thats designed to prevent eavesdropping,tampering or message forgery.According to the protocols creators, the goals of the TLS protocol square measure crypto graphical security, ability, extensibility, and relative potency. These goals square measure achieved through implementation of the TLS protocol on two levels: The TLS Record protocol and also the TLS handshake protocol. TLS Record Protocol The TLS Record protocol negotiates a private, reliable connection between theclient and also the server. although the Record protocol will be used while not secret writing, ituses bilaterally symmetrical cryptography keys, to make sure a private connection. This connection issecured through the utilization of hash functions generated by employing a MessageAuthentication Code.TLS handshake ProtocolThe TLS acknowledgment protocol permits genuine communication to startbetween the server and client. This protocol permits the client and server to talk thesame language, permitting them to agree upon Associate in Nursing secret writing algorithmic rule and secret writingkeys before the chosen application protocol begins to send data. Using constant handshake protocol procedure as SSL, TLS provides forauthentication of the server, and optionally, the client. many changes were created tothe handshake protocol, and people are going to be mentioned during a later section. [2]. 5.1 what different between SSL and TLS: difference between TLS and SSL area unit their assortment of cipher suites. SSL cipher suites generally begin with SSL, whereas TLS cipher suites begin with TLS. Notably missing in TLS area unit the FORTEZZA cipher suites, that area unit supported in SSLv3. On the opposite hand, notably present within the later versions of TLS (more specifically, beginning at TLSv1.1) area unit the AES cipher suites. The Advanced coding normal (AES) cipher suites were integrated into TLS by virtue of RFC 3268[3]. Im pretty positive there area unit many different variations however these area unit those that actually stand out for USA. If there are a unit those you think that we should always add, be at liberty to allow us to grasp. 6.1 Public key and private key What is public key and private key? The association of public key (sometimes known as asymmetric key) and personal key (also known as symmetric key or secret key) will make sure the safe dealing between internet server and browser, the most perform of this combine of secret is encrypting and decrypting info. privateKey, that saves in web server, can decode the data being sent from browser. However, browser encrypts its info within public key. [1]. 6.2 Public-key encryption The sender uses public key to cipher the message, and the receiver uses private key to decipher it. So every public key owner will send his or her encoded message and solely a non-public key owner will scan the message inside decoded the message. but decrypting a message, that encrypted with public key, may be a CPU intensive, like RSA ( Rivets -Shamir-Adelman) Another usage of public keys the sender encodes the message inside secret key, and the receiver use the non-public key to decipher that message with the associated public key. this is often economical for message authentication, like a bank server sending their digital signature encrypted with private key, so any client will decipher the message inside private key and verify the message.[1]. 6.3 How SSL secure a transaction Figure 2SSL renegotiation messages SSL renegotiation messages (including varieties of ciphers and secret writing keys) ar encrypted and so sent over the prevailing SSL connection. This feature is sweet as a result of it will produce a secure SSL session supported the very fact that a secure affiliation is already established. SSL renegotiation is helpful in many things wherever a normal SSL session is already established. Here ar some examples[2]: Client authentication is required A different set of encryption and decryption keys are needed A different set of encryption and hashing algorithms are used. The shopper or the server will request renegotiation at any time. For the shopper to request renegotiation the shopper sends a Client Hello message within the already-established encrypted channel and also the server responds with a Server Hello and so the negotiation follows the conventional shake process. The server will initiate the renegotiation by causing the shopper a hello Request message. once the shopper receives the request, the shopper sends the Client Hello message and also the shake process takes place.[4]. One fast note of clarification: the shopper and server also can complete a session beginning vice a session renegotiation. A session beginning essentially resumes a previous session (using a previous session ID), and it saves the shopper and server the computing work of generating new cryptography keys. Renegotiation could be a method by that the complete shake method takes place over an already existing SSL association[1]. 6.4 SSL/TLS From PHP (Server to Server) As much as I love PHP as a programming language, the briefest survey of popular open source libraries makes it very clear that Transport Layer Security related vulnerabilities are extremely common and, by extension, are tolerated by the PHP community for absolutely no good reason other than its easier to subject users to privacy-invading security violations than fix the underlying problem. This is backed up by PHP itself suffering from a very poor implementation of SSL/TLS in PHP Streams which are used by everything from socket based HTTP clients to the and other file system functions. This shortcoming is then exacerbated by the fact that the PHP library makes no effort to discuss the security implications of SSL/TLS failures. If you take nothing else from this section, my advice is to make sure that all HTTPS requests are performed using the CURL extension for PHP. This extension is configured to be secure by default and is backed up, in terms of expert peer review, by its large user base outside of PHP. Take this one simple step towards greater security and you will not regret it. A more ideal solution would be for PHPs internal developers to wake up and apply the Secure By Default principle to its built-in SSL/TLS support. My introduction to SSL/TLS in PHP is obviously very harsh. Transport Layer Security vulnerabilities are far more basic than most security issues and we are all familiar with the emphasis it receives in browsers. Our server-side applications are no less important in the chain of securing user data. Lets examine SSL/TLS in PHP in more detail by looking in turn at PHP Streams and the superior CURL extension. Figure 3example of google chrome Our attacks are supported the subsequent scenario: the assaulter sniffs an oversized number of SSL connections encrypted with RC4,waiting for a hit; thats the arrival of a weak key. Once a weak key arrives, the assaulter predicts the LSBs of the key streambytes, and uses these to extract the LSBs of the plaintext bytes from the cipher text with important advantage. In order to satisfy this state of affairs, the assaulter has to determine that SSL sessions ar those within which weak keys were used. For this isolation, the assaulter will use the actual fact that the primary encrypted bytes embrace the SSL Finished message and HTTP request, both having foreseeable data. Thus, once a weak key is used, the plaintext patterns are XOR-ed with key streampatterns, generatingcipher text patterns visible to the assaulter. and different previous attacks on SSL use little applied math biases to combination little items of plaintext data. so as to make this aggregation doable, the target object sh ould be encrypted over and over, with a similar key in and with totally different keys.[5]. 7.1 Decrypting traffic where the private key used for encrypting the information is available. This is useful for situations where the traffic in the network is relayed through a transparent SSL proxy and the user has access to the private key used by the proxy for encrypting the traffic sent to the clients.[6]. 7.2 Decrypting traffic in situations where the session keys are available. This situation applies for traffic generated by Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browsers in rectify mode. The browsers can dump SSL session keys in NSS (Network Security Services) log format. The file is made within the path such that by the SSLKEYLOGFILE atmosphere variable.[6]. 7.3 How Is the Attack Accomplished? Using the renegotiation attack, associate degree attacker will inject commands into an HTTPS session, downgrade ahttps association to a HTTP association, inject custom responses, perform denial of service, etc. That explains to some extent however serious the matter is. its easier to know however the attack is accomplished.[7]. 8.1 Advantages of SSL Certificates. Entrust Advantage SSL Certificates secure ecommerce, communications and personal data passed from browser to internet server and between servers. Entrust Advantage SSL Certificates supply bigger set-up and preparation flexibility by permitting you to add a second absolutely qualified name for free of charge and secure domain.com once your certificate is for WWW.domain.com. Plus, you get added security services that notice malware on your website} and protect it site from obtaining blacklisted. 8.2 Disadvantages of SSL With such a large amount of blessings, why would anyone not use SSL? are there any disadvantages to exploitation SSL certificates? value is a noticeable disadvantage. SSL suppliers ought to started a trustworthy infrastructure and validate your identity therefore theres a value concerned. as a result of some providers are so renowned, their costs are often overpoweringly high.[8]. BEAST leverages a kind of science attack called a chosen-plaintext attack. The attacker mounts the attack by selecting a guess for the plaintext that is associated with a famed cipher text. to see if a guess is correct, the attacker wants access to AN encoding oracle7 to visualize if the encoding of the plaintext guess matches the famed cipher text. To defeat a chosen-plaintext attack, common configurations of TLS use 2 common mechanisms: an data formatvector (IV) and a cipher block chaining mode (CBC). an IV is a random string thats XO Red with the plaintext message before cryptography even if you encrypt the same message double, the cipher text are totally different, because the messages were every encrypted with a special random IV. The IV isnt secret; it simply adds randomness to messages, and is sent along with the message within the clear. it might be cumbersome to use and track a new IV forevery coding block (AES operates on 16-byte blocks), so for longer messages CBC mode sim ply uses the previous Cipher text block as the IV for the following plaintext block.[9]. 9.1 ATTACKERS PERSPECTIVE In a single session the same secret/cookie is sent with every request by the browser. TLS has an optional compression feature where data can be compressed before it is encrypted. Even though TLS encrypts the content in the TLS layer, an attacker can see the length of the encrypted request passing over the wire, and this length directly depends on the plaintextdata which is being compressed. Finally, an attacker can make the client generate compressed requests that contain attacker-controlled data in the same stream with secret data. The CRIME attack exploits these properties of browser-based SSL. To leverage these properties and successfully implement the CRIME attack, the following Conditions must be met: The attacker can intercept the victims network traffic. (e.g. the attacker shares the victims (W)LAN or compromises victims router) Victim authenticates to a website over HTTPS and negotiates TLS compression with the server. Victim accesses a website that runs the attackers code.[9]. Secure sockets layer (SSL) is used to protect voluminous network users however how vulnerable is it? Over the last several years, there has been associate array of attacks designed to subvert SSL. whereas the technology is basically secure, attackers are invariably probing for loopholes to bypass security protocols and standards. And SSL could be a huge target. its wont to protect sensitive hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) traffic. Attackers, United Nations agency prefer to assume outside the box, are invariably seeking new ways in which to realize access to sensitive data. Lets consider a number of the different ways in which hackers are attempting to break SSL. Trick, no treat: Trick the user to accept a foul certificate. this is often the classic approach once targeting users of SSL. the concept is to get the user to click through to a website despite the fact that a warning or error is flaunted to the tip user. whereas this attack is simple to launch, it needs the victim to just accept a certificate that clearly has issues. Most users can notice this kind of fraudulent activity; so, the threat level is low. Fraudulent certificates: whereas this approach might seem far-fetched, its been winning within the past. in a very few cases attackers are able to acquire valid certificates and use them maliciously. In one case, hackers breached a Dutch certificate authoritys security in 2011 and so created phone certificates for sites like Yahoo, Google, WordPress et al. With possession of valid certificates, the attackers got past HTTPS protections. Still, the threat level of this attack remains low. Take away the SSL and send data via clear text: In 2009, a new technique to subvert SSL was pioneered with one thing known as SSLStrip. rather than trying to urge the user to click through warnings, this tool acts as a proxy and strips off the S in httpso the user is instead bestowed with HTTP. SSLStrip conjointly permits the assaulter to gift the user with the favicon lock therefore the solely indication that one thing is wrong is that the browsers show of http rather than HTTPS. If the user doesnt notice this one small detail, the attacker will gain access to secure data. The threat level of this attack is medium. Crack the keys: Most certificates presently use 1,024-bit or 2,048-bit keys. The 2,048-bit-length keys are extraordinarily robust and would need eons of your time to crack employing a standard PC. That said, its been reportable that the National Security Agency has created nice strides in gaining access to SSL traffic. whereas some theorize that the NSA could have discovered new quantum computing techniques, its additionally entirely potential that the agency has merely obtained cryptography keys or maybe placed backdoors (entry points) into computer code and hardware. The threat level of the NSA or others accessing secure data during this approach is unknown. Man in the middle: This attack may be a style of active eavesdropping within which the attacker makes independent connections with the victim and relays messages to the server. Case in point: Lucky 13, named once 13-byte headers in Transport Layer Security Media Access management calculations. whereas this ciphertext attack is in theory potential, itd need a controlled setting and a awfully long quantity of time; so, the threat level is taken into account terribly low. Side-channel attacks: Over the last several years, several side-channel attacks are incontestable that may be used to recover http requests and cookies used for authentication. Browser intelligence operation and Exfiltration via adaptive Compression of hypertext (BREACH) is one example. BREACH leverages compression and takes advantage of http responses, that are compressed victimisation mechanisms like gzip. For the applying to be vulnerable, it should use HTTP-level compression, mirror user input in http responses and expose cross-site request forgery tokens in http response bodies. whereas on paper attainable, controls is accustomed mitigate this attack, and therefore its thought-about an occasional threat. 10.1 What is DROWN? It is a heavy loophole infect protocol HTTPS and different services that consider TLS, SSL and a few of the essential secret writing protocols for the security of the internet. These protocols enable everybody on the web to browse sites and electronic messaging, looking and transfer of vital data while not permitting a third party the flexibility to ascertain whats being changed between a user and also the World Wide internet.The name of the shortcut Decrypting RSA with Obsolete and Weakened encryption. 10.2 What do you get it from penetrating this gap? Gets anything is passed between the user and the server, and includes, for example, user names and passwords, account numbers, e-mails, instant messages, important documents, and according to some Scenarios can also forward the work of spoof secure site content and intercept the requests and what the user sees.[10]. When you log in to an Access Enforcer, or any UTM device, you will see a number of network attacks detected and blocked. The number may be in the thousands, or even hundreds of thousands. Many of these attacks are scans precursors to attack. Depending on your settings, a good number might also be firewall policy violations. But what are other types of network attacks? What are the most common ones today? One answer comes from the latest Threat Report from McAfee Labs. The chart below aggregates data from the companys network of millions of sensors across the globe. It shows the most common network attacks detected in Q1 2015.[5]. SSL is important to net security. It provides a robust sense of confidentiality, message integrity, and server authentication to users. The business of e-commerce is tied closely to client confidence within the operation of SSL across world wide web. within the future, SSL termination devices are able to handle additional transactions at a quicker rate. The secret writing of key lengths and therefore the cipher suites used also will still evolve so as to ensure the safety of sensitive info over the net. This way, e-commerce are ready to still grow in quality as users grow additional intimate in searching and banking on-line, and clutches new on-line applications . [1]Three attacks in SSL prot ocol and their solutions. Hong lei Zhang , https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/courses/compsci725s2c/archive/termpapers/725zhang.pdf . [2]SANS Institute.pdf.Holly Lynne McKinley,https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/protocols/ssl-tls-beginners-guide-1029 . [3]Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Secure Socket Layer (SSL). Raj Jain,http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse571-09/ftp/l_15tls.pdf . [4]Transport Layer Security..Giuseppe Bianchi,http://www.uniroma2.it/didattica/iss/deposito/4_tls.pdf .

criminal factors Essays -- essays research papers

What makes criminals? Have you ever wondered why some social groups are more prone to crime than others are? Should we conclude that some groups are more prone to crime or that they are just put in a situation that makes them more likely to commit crimes? In spite of the research in the past years there is still no conclusive evidence as to why some people in the same situations choose to commit crimes while the others don’t. There are numerous reasons that offenders resort to crime; Families, gender, economic status, age, and race are all valid explanations said by many theorists as to why certain social groups commit crimes, and why certain groups stay away. Married life is the norm of our society but it can also cause strain and anguish. Along with the anointing of a new life, there also comes new problems. Often times the choice of getting married is the first major decision in a young man or woman’s life, and soon there are more relatives, more bills, conflicting plans, annoying habits that one’s spouse may develop, children, being that fifty percent of all marriages end in divorce, these are things that most couples cannot overcome, society is to the point where for every marriage there is a coinciding divorce. When these new hurdles are not overcome then a broken home is the most common result. When this happens, then the likelihood of a person being driven to crime skyrockets. One starts to think that they are worthless and that they are destined to be lonely forever, once this occurs, crime is their next option. A broken family can generate in different ways, divorce, death, or separation. Marriage is a common but no t the most likely reason that some resort to crime. Someone who usually commits a crime at a young age is often identified as a born criminal, these reckless actions for a helpless and innocent child are passed down as a result of hereditary traits that pass from one generation to the next. It is said that these offending children do not know any better because of their traits, and the enviroment that they are brought up in (Erikson 1964). These children specialize in crime and delinquency just as others may specialize in the classroom or sports. They aren’t able to tell the difference between a deviant act or something productive such as an A in the classroom. â€Å"When we define someone or some group as deviant - we strengthen ... ... On average, inmates are younger than the general population. It is apparent that some social groups are in situations more conducive to crime, because of the environment they live in. Boys and men dominate in crime. Arrest, self report and victimization data all reflects that boys and men perpetrate more conventional and serious crimes than girls and women. It appears that boys and men no longer are "normal subjects" of violence and that as equal rights and feminist groups become stronger and more profound so to do women in crime. In terms of race and crime, crime will continue among minorities until an equilibrium in social class and job ranking is met. The question of economics as a cause of crime finds that people are not forced into crime because they are poor, but because they are not capable of getting the luxuries that they have deemed necessities. They have gone from being in a comfortable, employed state to an unemployed and very difficult state and no longer can live beyond their means. In conclusion, law offenders feel that by becoming criminally active they can elaborate themselves of any social or psychological problem they may have. criminal factors Essays -- essays research papers What makes criminals? Have you ever wondered why some social groups are more prone to crime than others are? Should we conclude that some groups are more prone to crime or that they are just put in a situation that makes them more likely to commit crimes? In spite of the research in the past years there is still no conclusive evidence as to why some people in the same situations choose to commit crimes while the others don’t. There are numerous reasons that offenders resort to crime; Families, gender, economic status, age, and race are all valid explanations said by many theorists as to why certain social groups commit crimes, and why certain groups stay away. Married life is the norm of our society but it can also cause strain and anguish. Along with the anointing of a new life, there also comes new problems. Often times the choice of getting married is the first major decision in a young man or woman’s life, and soon there are more relatives, more bills, conflicting plans, annoying habits that one’s spouse may develop, children, being that fifty percent of all marriages end in divorce, these are things that most couples cannot overcome, society is to the point where for every marriage there is a coinciding divorce. When these new hurdles are not overcome then a broken home is the most common result. When this happens, then the likelihood of a person being driven to crime skyrockets. One starts to think that they are worthless and that they are destined to be lonely forever, once this occurs, crime is their next option. A broken family can generate in different ways, divorce, death, or separation. Marriage is a common but no t the most likely reason that some resort to crime. Someone who usually commits a crime at a young age is often identified as a born criminal, these reckless actions for a helpless and innocent child are passed down as a result of hereditary traits that pass from one generation to the next. It is said that these offending children do not know any better because of their traits, and the enviroment that they are brought up in (Erikson 1964). These children specialize in crime and delinquency just as others may specialize in the classroom or sports. They aren’t able to tell the difference between a deviant act or something productive such as an A in the classroom. â€Å"When we define someone or some group as deviant - we strengthen ... ... On average, inmates are younger than the general population. It is apparent that some social groups are in situations more conducive to crime, because of the environment they live in. Boys and men dominate in crime. Arrest, self report and victimization data all reflects that boys and men perpetrate more conventional and serious crimes than girls and women. It appears that boys and men no longer are "normal subjects" of violence and that as equal rights and feminist groups become stronger and more profound so to do women in crime. In terms of race and crime, crime will continue among minorities until an equilibrium in social class and job ranking is met. The question of economics as a cause of crime finds that people are not forced into crime because they are poor, but because they are not capable of getting the luxuries that they have deemed necessities. They have gone from being in a comfortable, employed state to an unemployed and very difficult state and no longer can live beyond their means. In conclusion, law offenders feel that by becoming criminally active they can elaborate themselves of any social or psychological problem they may have.

Shadow Kiss Chapter 6

SIX THERE HAD ONLY BEEN THREE other witnesses to what had happened out on the quad. Yet, unsurprisingly, everyone seemed to know about it when I returned to the commons later on. Classes were done, but plenty of students moved about in the corridors, off to study or retake tests or whatever. They tried to hide their glances and whispers, but they didn't do a very good job. Those who made eye contact with me either gave me tight-lipped smiles or immediately looked away. Wonderful. With no psychic link to Christian, I had no clue where to find him. I could sense that Lissa was in the library and figured that would be a good place to start looking. On my way there, I heard a guy's voice call out behind me. â€Å"Took things a bit far, didn't you?† I turned around and saw Ryan and Camille walking several steps back. If I'd been a guy, the appropriate response would have been, â€Å"You mean with your mom?† Because I was not a guy, though, and because I had manners, I just said, â€Å"Don't know what you're talking about.† Ryan hurried to catch up with me. â€Å"You know exactly what I mean. With Christian. I heard that when Stan attacked, you were just like, ‘Here, take him,' and walked away.† â€Å"Oh good God,† I groaned. It was bad enough when everyone was talking about you, but why did the stories always end up changing? â€Å"That is not what happened.† â€Å"Oh yeah?† he asked. â€Å"Then why did you get called in to see Alberta?† â€Å"Look,† I said, not feeling so well mannered anymore, â€Å"I just messed up the attack†¦you know, kind of like you did earlier when you weren't paying attention in the hall?† â€Å"Hey,† he said, flushing slightly. â€Å"I ended up getting in on that – I did my part.† â€Å"Is that what they're calling getting killed nowadays?† â€Å"At least I wasn't a whiny bitch who refused to fight.† I had just about calmed down after speaking with Dimitri, but now my temper was rising already. It was like a thermometer ready to burst. â€Å"You know, maybe instead of criticizing others, you should pay more attention to your own guardian duties.† I nodded toward Camille. She had thus far been quiet, but her face showed me she was eating all of this up. Ryan shrugged. â€Å"I can do both. Shane's farther behind us, and the area ahead is clear. No doors. Easy.† He patted Camille's shoulder. â€Å"She's safe.† â€Å"It's an easy place to secure. You wouldn't do so well in the real world with real Strigoi.† His smile faded. Anger glinted in his eyes. â€Å"Right. The way I hear it, you didn't do such a great job out there either, at least not as far as Mason was concerned.† Taunting over what had happened with Stan and Christian was one thing. But implying that I was at fault for Mason's death? Unacceptable. I was the one who'd kept Lissa safe for two years in the human world. I was the one who had killed two Strigoi in Spokane. I was the only novice at this school with molnija marks, the little tattoos given to guardians to mark Strigoi kills. I'd known there had been some whispers about what had happened to Mason, but no one had ever actually said anything to me. The thought of Ryan or anyone else thinking I was to blame for Mason dying was too much. I blamed myself plenty enough already without their help. The thermometer broke. In one smooth motion, I reached past him, grabbed Camille, and swung her up against the wall. I hadn't thrown her hard enough to hurt her, but she was clearly startled. Her eyes widened in shock, and I used my forearm to pin her, pressing it against her throat. â€Å"What are you doing?† exclaimed Ryan, peering back and forth between our faces. I shifted my stance slightly, still keeping the pressure on Camille. â€Å"Furthering your education,† I said pleasantly. â€Å"Sometimes places aren't as easy to secure as you think.† â€Å"You're crazy! You can't hurt a Moroi. If the guardians find out – â€Å" â€Å"I'm not,† I argued. I glanced toward her. â€Å"Am I hurting you? Are you in extreme pain?† There was a hesitation; then she gave as much of a shake of her head as she could manage. â€Å"Are you uncomfortable?† A small nod. â€Å"See?† I told Ryan. â€Å"Discomfort isn't the same thing as pain.† â€Å"You're insane. Let her go.† â€Å"I'm not done, Ry. Pay attention because here's the point: Danger can come from anywhere. Not just Strigoi – or guardians dressed up like Strigoi. Keep acting like an arrogant asshole who thinks he knows everything† – I pressed my arm in a little harder, still not enough to affect her breathing or cause real pain – â€Å"and you miss things. And those things can kill your Moroi.† â€Å"Okay, okay. Whatever. Please, stop it,† he said. His voice wavered. There was no more attitude. â€Å"You're scaring her.† â€Å"I'd be scared too, if my life was in your hands.† The scent of cloves alerted me to Adrian's presence. I also knew that Shane and a few others had come to watch. The other novices looked uncertain, like they wanted to pry me off but were afraid of getting Camille hurt. I knew I should let her go, but Ryan had just made me so angry. I needed to prove a point to him. I needed to get him back. And really, I didn't even feel sorry for Camille either since I was sure she'd done her fair share of gossiping about me too. â€Å"This is fascinating,† said Adrian, his voice as lazy as usual. â€Å"But I think you've made your point.† â€Å"I don't know,† I said. The tone of my voice managed to be both sweet and menacing at the same time. â€Å"I still don't think Ryan gets it.† â€Å"For God's sake, Rose! I get it,† cried Ryan. â€Å"Just let her go.† Adrian moved around me, going over to stand beside Camille. She and I were pressed close together, but he managed to squeeze in so that his face was in my line of sight, almost beside hers. He wore that goofy smirk he normally had, but there was something serious in his dark green eyes. â€Å"Yes, little dhampir. Let her go. You're done here.† I wanted to tell Adrian to get away from me, that I would be the one to say when this was finished. Somehow, I couldn't get the words out. A part of me was enraged at his interference. The other part of me thought he sounded†¦reasonable. â€Å"Let her go,† he repeated. My eyes were all over Adrian now, not Camille. Suddenly, all of me decided he sounded reasonable. Completely reasonable. I needed to let her go. I moved my arm and stepped away. With a gulp, Camille darted behind Ryan, using him like a shield. I saw now that she was on the verge of tears. Ryan simply looked stunned. Adrian straightened up and made a dismissive gesture toward Ryan. â€Å"I'd get out of here – before you really annoy Rose.† Ryan, Camille, and the others slowly backed off from us. Adrian put his arm around me and hurried me away toward the library. I felt weird, kind of like I was waking up, but then, with each step, things grew clearer and clearer. I pushed his arm off me and jerked away. â€Å"You just used compulsion on me!† I exclaimed. â€Å"You made me let her go.† â€Å"Someone needed to. You looked like you were seconds away from strangling her.† â€Å"I wasn't. And I wouldn't have.† I pushed open the library door. â€Å"You had no right to do that to me. No right at all.† Compulsion – making people do what you wanted – was a skill all vampires had to a very small degree. Using it was considered immoral, and most couldn't control it well enough to do any real damage. Spirit strengthened the ability, however, making both Adrian and Lissa very dangerous. â€Å"And you had no right to tackle some poor girl in the hall just to soothe your own hurt pride.† â€Å"Ryan had no right to say those things.† â€Å"I don't even know what ‘those things' are, but unless I've misjudged your age, you're too old to be throwing a tantrum over idle gossip.† â€Å"Throwing a – â€Å" My words fell short as we reached Lissa working at a table. Her face and feelings told me trouble was coming. Eddie stood a couple feet away from her, leaning against a wall and watching the room. His eyes widened when he saw me, but he didn't say anything at my approach. I slid into the chair opposite Lissa. â€Å"Hey.† She looked up and sighed, then returned her attention to the textbook open in front of her. â€Å"I wondered when you'd turn up,† she said. â€Å"Did you get suspended?† Her words were calm and polite, but I could read her underlying feelings. Annoyed. Even a little angry. â€Å"Not this time,† I said. â€Å"Just got stuck with community service.† She said nothing, but the irate mood I sensed through the bond remained unchanged. Now I sighed. â€Å"Okay, talk to me, Liss. I know you're mad.† Adrian looked at me, then her, and then me again. â€Å"I feel like I'm missing something here.† â€Å"Oh, great,† I said. â€Å"You went and busted up my fight and didn't even know what it was about.† â€Å"Fight?† asked Lissa, confusion joining her anger. â€Å"What happened?† repeated Adrian. I nodded to Lissa. â€Å"Go ahead, tell him.† â€Å"Rose got tested earlier and refused to protect Christian.† She shook her head, exasperated, and fixed me with an accusatory glare. â€Å"I can't believe you're seriously still mad enough to do something like that to him. It's childish.† Lissa had jumped to the same conclusions as the guardians. I sighed. â€Å"I didn't do it on purpose! I just sat through a whole hearing on this crap and told them the same thing.† â€Å"Then what happened?† she demanded. â€Å"Why did you do it?† I hesitated, unsure what to say. My reluctance to talk didn't even have anything to do with Adrian and Eddie overhearing – though I certainly didn't want them to. The problem was more complex. Dimitri had been right – there were people I could trust, and two of them I trusted unconditionally: him and Lissa. I'd already held back from telling him the truth. Would I – could I – do the same with her? Although she was mad, I knew without a doubt that Lissa would always support me and be there for me. But just like with Dimitri, I balked at the idea of telling my ghost story. Also just like with Dimitri, it left me in the same bind: crazy or incompetent? Through our bond, I felt her mind, pure and clear. There was no taint, no darkness, or sign of madness – and yet, something tingled in the background. A slight stirring. Antidepressants took awhile to fully get into and out of one's system, but her magic was already waking up after one day. I thought back to my ghostly encounters, dredging up the memory of that sad, translucent Mason. How could I even begin to explain that to her? How could I bring up something as weird and fantastic as that when she'd been trying so hard to get a little normality in her life and now faced the challenge of getting her magic under control? No, I realized. I couldn't tell her. Not yet – especially when it suddenly occurred to me that there was still something else big I needed to let her know about. â€Å"I froze,† I said finally. â€Å"It's stupid. I'd been so cocky about being able to take out anyone, and then Stan †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I shrugged. â€Å"I don't know. I just couldn't react. It†¦ it's really embarrassing. And him of all people.† Lissa studied me intently, looking for any sign of dishonesty. It hurt to think that she'd mistrust me, except†¦well, I was actually lying. As I'd told Dimitri, though, I could be a good liar when I wanted to be. Lissa couldn't tell. â€Å"I wish I could read your mind,† she mused. â€Å"Come on,† I said. â€Å"You know me. Do you really think I'd do this? Abandon Christian and make myself look stupid on purpose just to get back at my teachers?† â€Å"No,† she said finally. â€Å"You'd probably do it in a way where you wouldn't get caught.† â€Å"Dimitri said the same thing,† I grumbled. â€Å"I'm glad everyone has so much faith in me.† â€Å"We do,† she countered. â€Å"That's why all of this is so weird.† â€Å"Even I make mistakes.† I put on my brash, overconfident face. â€Å"I know it's hard to believe – kind of surprises me myself – but I guess it has to happen. It's probably some kind of karmic way to balance out the universe. Otherwise, it wouldn't be fair to have one person so full of awesomeness.† Adrian, blessedly silent for a change, was watching the two of us talk, much as one would look back and forth at a tennis match. His eyes were narrowed slightly, and I suspected he was studying our auras. Lissa rolled her eyes, but fortunately, the anger I'd felt earlier lightened. She believed me. Her gaze then lifted from my face to someone beyond me. I felt the happy, golden emotions that signaled Christian's presence. â€Å"My loyal bodyguard returns,† he declared, pulling up a chair. He glanced at Lissa. â€Å"Are you done yet?† â€Å"Done with what?† she asked. He inclined his head toward me. â€Å"Giving her a hard time about how she threw me into the deadly clutches of Alto.† Lissa blushed. She was already feeling a little bad about jumping on me, now that I'd defended myself sufficiently. Christian's flippant, knowing observation just made her feel more foolish. â€Å"We were just talking about it, that's all.† Adrian yawned and slouched back in his chair. â€Å"Actually, I think I've figured it all out. This was a scam, wasn't it? A scam to scare me off since I'm always talking about you being my guardian. You thought if you pretended to be a bad guardian, I wouldn't want you. Well, it's not going to work, so there's no point in risking anyone else's life.† I was grateful he didn't mention the incident in the hall. Ryan had absolutely been out of line, but as more time passed, it became harder and harder for me to believe I'd snapped like that. It was like something that had happened to someone else, something that I'd simply been watching. Of course, I seemed to be snapping over everything lately. I'd been mad about getting Christian, mad about the guardians' accusation, mad about – Oh, right. It was probably time for me to drop the bomb. â€Å"So, um †¦ there's something you guys should know.† Four sets of eyes – even Eddie's – turned to me. â€Å"What's wrong?† asked Lissa. There was really no easy way to tell them, so I just pushed forward. â€Å"Well, it turns out that Victor Dashkov was never found guilty of what he did to us. He's just been locked up. But they're finally going to have an official trial – in another week or so.† Lissa's reaction to hearing his name was similar to mine. Shock shot through the bond, followed immediately by fear. A slide show of images flashed through her mind. The way Victor's sick game had made her question her sanity. The torture his henchman had subjected her to. The bloody state she'd found Christian in after he'd been attacked by Victor's hounds. She clenched her fists on the table, knuckles going white. Christian couldn't sense her reaction the way I could, but he didn't need to. He moved his hand over hers. She barely noticed. â€Å"But†¦ but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took a deep, steadying breath, fighting to stay calm. â€Å"How could he not be guilty already? Everyone knows†¦. They all saw†¦.† â€Å"It's the law. They supposedly have to give him a fighting chance.† There was confusion all over her, and slowly, she came to the same realization that I had last night with Dimitri. â€Å"So†¦wait†¦ are you saying there's a chance they might not find him guilty?† I looked into her wide, frightened eyes and couldn't bring myself to tell her. Apparently, my face said it all. Christian slammed his fist against the table. â€Å"This is bullshit.† Several people at other tables glanced over at his outburst. â€Å"This is politics,† said Adrian. â€Å"People in power never have to play by the same rules.† â€Å"But he nearly killed Rose and Christian!† cried Lissa. â€Å"And he kidnapped me! How can there be any question?† Lissa's emotions were all over the place. Fear. Sorrow. Anger. Outrage. Confusion. Helplessness. I didn't want her delving into those dark feelings and hoped desperately that she'd grow calm again. Slowly, steadily, she did – but then I started getting angry again. It was like Ryan all over. â€Å"It's a formality, I'm sure,† said Adrian. â€Å"When all the evidence is in, there probably isn't going to be much of a debate.† â€Å"That's the thing,† I said bitterly. â€Å"They're not going to have all the evidence. We aren't allowed to go.† â€Å"What?† exclaimed Christian. â€Å"Then who's testifying?† â€Å"The other guardians who were there. We apparently can't be trusted to keep the whole thing quiet. The queen doesn't want the world to know that one of her precious royals might have done something wrong.† Lissa didn't seem to take offense at me trashing royals. â€Å"But we're the reason he's on trial.† Christian stood up, glancing around as though Victor might be in the library. â€Å"I'm going to go take care of this right now.† â€Å"Sure,† said Adrian. â€Å"I bet going in there and kicking down the door will change their minds. Take Rose with you, and you guys'll make a really good impression.† â€Å"Yeah?† asked Christian, clenching the back of his chair and fixing Adrian with a stormy glare. â€Å"You have a better idea?† Lissa's calmness began to waver again. â€Å"If Victor was free, would he come after us again?† â€Å"If he gets loose again, he won't stay that way for long,† I said. â€Å"I'll make sure of it.† â€Å"Careful there,† said Adrian. He seemed to find all of this funny. â€Å"Even you couldn't get away with a royal assassination.† I started to tell him that I'd practice on him first, but then Eddie's sharp voice interrupted my thoughts. â€Å"Rose.† Instinct born from years of training instantly kicked into place. I looked up and immediately saw what he'd noticed. Emil had just entered the library and was scanning for novices, taking notes. I shot up out of my chair, taking a position not far from Eddie that gave me a view of Christian and most of the library. Damn it. I had to get a grip, or I'd end up proving Ryan right. Between my brawl in the hall and now this Victor thing, I was completely neglecting my guardian duties. I might not even need Mason to fail this. Emil hadn't seen me sitting and socializing. He strolled by, glanced at us, and made a few notes before heading off to scout the rest of the library. Relieved at escaping my close call, I tried to gain control of myself. It was hard. That black mood had seized me again, and listening to Lissa and Christian rage over Victor's trial wasn't really helping me relax. I wanted to go over there and weigh in. I wanted to yell and rant and share my own frustration. But that wasn't a luxury I had as a guardian. My first duty was to protect Moroi and not give into my own impulses. Over and over, I repeated the guardian mantra: They come first. Those words were really starting to annoy me.

Panic or use of fear

TerrorismTerrorism comes from the word panic which means terror or the usage of fright to transfuse fear in people to coerce them or hale them to make one ‘s command. Terrorism is the deliberate and planned usage of force, force or even fear against guiltless civilians for the intents of accomplishing aims and ends that may either be politically, ideologically, personally or sacredly instigated ( word net.com ) . Terrorism can besides be carried out as a signifier of retaliation by those who feel they may hold been wronged by certain persons. Terrorism has become a major concern non merely to universe leaders but to citizens of assorted states as good, particularly those viewed to be anti-Islam. Unfortunately the United States of America ( USA ) is top on this list, doing the citizens ever worried that their safety may be at interest. Crime in the signifier of terrorist act can be traced back to antediluvian times, for every bit long as human existences have been willing to utilize fright or force to hold their manner. In the first century, a Judaic group naming themselves The Sicarii employed slaying to their enemies every bit good as confederates in their command to subvert the Roman swayers from Judea ( Amy, 2005 ) . In the eleventh century all the manner to the thirteenth century, a secret Islamic religious order, The Hashashin, became active in Syria and Iran and they executed Abbasid and Seljuk politicians, doing them feared among their equals. It is besides deserving observing that the word bravo, normally used to depict terrorists was adapted from the word Hashashin. Modern twenty-four hours terrorist act nevertheless became rife in the late 1960 ‘s a period ill-famed for highjackings. The popular forepart for Palestinian release hijacked an El Al flight and about 20 old ages subsequently, a Pan Am flight was bombed over Lockerbie in Scotland, a cooling world that terrorist act was here with us. Numerous other terrorist activities have been carried out since so with the most hideous in the recent yesteryear being the September 11th 2001 bombardment of the Twin Towers at the World Trade Centre in New York in which claimed the lives of 2,995 people, including 19 highjackers and wounding over 6,291 people. Harmonizing to the website Terrorism Research there are legion classs of terrorists, among these are: Breakaway whose chief signifier of action is the separation through independency, domination or spiritual freedom through such agencies as societal unfairnesss among others. Other classs include Nationalist, Ethnocentric, Revolutionary, Political, Religious, Social, Domestic and International or Transnational. The means the terrorists can utilize to accomplish their ends can be classified as cyber terrorist act, biological terrorist act, province sponsored terrorist act or violent terrorist act among others ( Categories of terrorists, 2006 ) . This research will concentrate on international terrorist act which is presently the major manner in which terrorist act activities are perpetrated. International terrorists in the recent yesteryear have been of Islamic beginnings. Harmonizing to Islam instructions, none is to be worshipped but Allah, and anyone who seems to be interfering with the spread of Islam as a faith or non welcoming it is considered an heathen who should be wiped out. The USA has in its international policies been portrayed as an enemy of Islam and this has led to a batch of hatred to it from the Islamic states. Terrorist cells have hence come up in these states where sometimes even immature male childs are educated and brought up in a manner that makes them believe the Western states are a beginning of immorality that should be cleaned. Most of the terrorists are brought into these cells when they are immature and have their caputs filled with the negative impacts of the Western states. These immature male childs hence grow with a negative attitude towards these states and by the clip they attain the age of about 18, they normally have to the full formed attitudes towards these states that they are willing to give their lives in the name of supporting their faith, every bit good as assisting free the universe of the soil that is coming from the West. Their Acts of the Apostless range from bombing centres they believe to prolong the economic systems of these states to others like killing, albeit ghastly people they consider to be sympathisers with these states. The universe ‘s most wanted felon when it comes to terrorism at the minute is the Saudi born Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden. He is one of the laminitiss of the ill-famed terrorist group, the Al Qaeda and was born on 10th March 1957 in Riyadh in the democracy of Saudi Arabia to a affluent man of affairs male parent who was a polygamist. Bin Laden, was the boy of the 10th married woman and his parents divorced shortly after his birth. He graduated with a grade in civil technology. Osama is of the sentiment that the reconstructing the Sharia jurisprudence will compensate the wrongs in the Islamic universe and hence all other sentiments are disused. He believes American democratic political orientations are to be resisted by all agencies possible and he advocates for violent Jihadism as a agency of accomplishing this aim. In Osama ‘s beliefs, America, Israel, and the Shia Muslims are enemies and are vehicles through which moral degeneracy is dispersed. He has specific hatred towards the Jews who he considers cunning and Masterss of perfidy. He is non sympathetic to anyone when it comes to Jihadism and he considers all citizens, including adult females and kids to be suited marks of jehad. He insists jehad is the lone manner to compensate the wrongs that have been perpetrated against Muslim states and in peculiar his choler is directed at the USA. He is besides of the belief that Israel as a state should be wiped out. Theodore Kaczynski was born on 22nd May 1942. He is a former professor of mathematics who carried out a batch of mail bombardments and is most celebrated as the Unabomber ( University and Airline Bomber ) . He was a child mastermind and while in the fifth class, an IQ trial conducted on him revealed he had an IQ ( Intelligence Quotient ) of 167 and he was hence allowed to jump the 6th class and travel straight to the 7th class. At the age of 16, he is said to hold been involved in CIA head control and emphasis experiments which his attorneies during his test claim may hold had inauspicious effects on his province of head ( McFadden, 1996 ) . He moved to Lincoln, Montana in a cabin that had no basic necessities in an attempt to hone his endurance accomplishments and while there he began bombing universities and air hoses in an attempt to hold his positions about the devastation of the natural home ground around him heard. He was classified as a domestic terrorist as his action ne'er went beyond boundaries of his state. His terrorist onslaughts were carried out in the periods between the old ages 1978 and 1995 and led to the decease of 3 people and hurt to 23 others. Despite conjunct attempts and legion probe efforts, the governments were unable to capture Theodore and it took the aid of his brother for them to eventually capture him. He is presently incarcerated in a province prison, functioning a life sentence at the ADX Florence Maximum Facility in Florence Colorado without the possibility of a word. Timothy James McVeigh was born on April 23rd 1968 to a Catholic household and his parents, like those of Osama bin Laden divorced, although much later when he was 10 old ages old. In his confessions subsequently, he expressed an eager desire to decease from manner back in his childhood as he was ever picked upon by the senior pupils who took pride in strong-arming him. This made him turn up angry at the universe for doing his life so suffering. His terrorist activities were geared towards retaliation as he considered it the ultimate payback to those who wronged him. He was a bright pupil and at high school was even considered the school ‘s most promising computing machine coder ( Patrick, 1996 ) . Mc Veigh ‘s Terrorist activities involved the bombardment of the Alfred P. Murrah Building in which 168 people lost their lives and 450 people were injured. He blew up the edifice in a truck that contained about 5000 lbs of a compound of ammonium nitrate and Nitromethane. He is said non to hold been contrite as he had at last exacted retaliation to the greatest bully of all-the USA. He merely regretted holding led to the deceases of kids who attended day care at the land floor of the edifice. On the 11th June 2001 at the USA Federal penitentiary in Indiana ‘s Terre Haute Timothy Mc Veigh was executed by deadly injection holding been found guilty of charges of terrorist act leveled against him. The most dramatic characteristic about all the three terrorists is the fact that they were all bookmans. Osama bin Laden graduated with a grade in Civil Engineering, Theodore Kaczynsky was a child mastermind who joined Harvard at the stamp age of 16 and went on to go a professor of Mathematics, Timothy was good at programming and in high school, he was the schools most promising computing machine coder. The other similarity is that they were all driven by their beliefs and their actions were as a consequence of these beliefs, and they had no declinations whatsoever about their actions. The major difference is that while the latter two are domestic terrorists, Osama is an International terrorist who is still on the tally. The other two have been captured and incarcerated with Mc Veigh already executed. As per the profile at the start of the paper, they all fit since their terrorist inclinations seem to hold originated from their childhood thereby specifying their grownup life determinations and beliefs. From the research, their mind is a fact that was non so out in the unfastened and is one of the new facts learned in the class of the survey. Had timothy non been bullied so much in his childhood, he may non hold turned out so angry at the universe and acted in the mode in which he did. Possibly the CIA ‘s experiment on Theodore may hold backfired taking him to go the unstable person he subsequently became, and Osama may hold turned different had he turn up in a different scene that did non portray other ideals apart from Islam as misleading.

Personality and Motivation Essays

Personality and Motivation Essays Personality and Motivation Essay Personality and Motivation Essay In this assignment, I will be talking about the many different theories that attempt to explain where your personality comes from and how it can change you as a person. It will also link this with where motivation comes from. Personality is defined as a persons attributes made up of physical, mental, emotional and social characteristics. Motivation is described as an incentive to complete a task. There are some theories of personality that suggest that you develop your personality from birth, which stay with you through childhood and into adulthood, whereas others say that you develop your personality throughout your life through experiences you encounter. This is known as the nature vs nurture debate. The nature side of this debate argues that you are born with your own unique personality which doesnt change through your life, similar to your genes. One example of this is the trait theory. The trait theory suggests that your personality is made up of a combination of various traits that combine to make your own personality thats different to everybody elses. This theory also says that you will always have these characteristics in whatever situation youre in. For example, if you have a very loud and confident personality, this theory suggests that this will show in whatever situation youre in. However, I think that this is the downfall of this theory because I believe that there will be some situations where this wouldnt be true. One example of this is that if you were in an unfamiliar place with people you had never met before, you would come over much more shy. However, if you were playing football with close friends, you will be much louder. On the other hand, there are theories that say you learn your personality from others in social situations. The main example of this is the social learning theory. One aspect of the theory is modelling. Modelling is described as looking up to someone and wanting to be like them. For example, you could watch your favourite footballer playing on and see them showing anger at other players and then copy them when playing yourself. One criticism of the theory is that it doesnt include both sides of the nature vs nurture debate into consideration and doesnt explain how the genes you inherit from your parents can affect your characteristics through life. One theory that does include both sides of the argument is the interactional approach theory, otherwise known as the trait-state approach. This is one of the few theories that takes both sides of the nature vs nurture debate into consideration. This theory is much more advanced than the trait theory and the social learning theory because it doesnt just concentrate on one particular reason, but instead takes more possibilities into consideration. The trait side of the theory covers the characteristics you are born with and take with you throughout your life. However, these characteristics can change depending on the situation you are in. This is the state side of the theory. It says neither traits nor situations can predict behaviour alone. For example, if someone is playing for a team, they will follow orders and do what they are told by the captain. But when they are made captain themselves their natural trait of being very commanding may show through much more. However there is one area that it doesnt cover and that is the aspect of free will, unlike the Matt Jarvis theory. Free will takes into consideration that people make impulse decisions when forced to make a quick choice. There are also three other parts to the Matt Jarvis theory. The four main points are past experiences, genetics, situation and free will. This theory covers all areas and doesnt just say that you get your personality from one place, but in fact a combination of factors. Past experiences effect how you act. For example if you have broken your leg playing football before, you are more likely to pull out of a tackle. The situation part of the theory takes how people behave in different places into consideration. Free will covers for the impulse decisions made on the spot and genetics explains how genes can affect personality, similar to Sheldons constitutional theory. However this is the most thorough theory and the one that I believe is the most accurate. There are so many influences on your personality that it is impossible to come up with a theory to cover every possibility. But this theory does cover most with the four parts. Looking at all theories I believe that it is impossible to predict where you get your personality from because there are so many life changing experiences that you live through and situations to affect how you act. Sport is definitely a good example of how personalities can change so easily. You could be playing football and act completely different depending on a number of factors, including where youre playing, who youre playing with, your role in the team and many more.  Personality is closely linked with motivation. There are many reasons why people play sport. These reasons can be split into two specific areas which are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.

Marie Curie essays

Marie Curie essays On the 7th November 1867 a teacher in physics and maths became the father of a little girl called Marya Sklodowska and nobody could know. That this girl would have been one of the most famous female scientists in the 90s and 20s century. At the age of 16 she finished her exam in a lycee` as the best and won a gold medal. A low in her life was when her family lost nearly the whole savings because of bad investments. As a consequence Marya has to work as a teacher to finance her sisters education. At the same time she was giving lecture at the polish Free University to women workers. After some time she accompanied her sisters, who financed her now, to France where she started at the Sorbonne. She passed her exam in physics and in maths where she was the 2. best and as a result she became an assistant of the professor in physics Henri Bequerel. At the age of 28 on the 25th July she married the physician Pierre Curie, who was 8 years older than her. From now on her name was Marie Curie. They began to work together in a laboratory in very bad conditions and with bad equipment. Marie of the opinion that Bequerels discovery which proofs that the element Uranium radiates can be applied to other elements like Radium and Polonium too and she gave these rays the name radioactive rays. 1897 Marie Curie became the mother of Irene` who won the Nobel prize for chemistry together with her husband Frederic Joliot-Curie. Two years after her discovery she found out that the element Thorium is radioactive too. When Marie was 33 years old she teaches physic at the E`cole Normale Superieure for girls and founded the method of experimental demonstration. Three years later the Curies together with Henri Bequerel won the Nobel prize for physics because of their achievement concerning Radioactivity. One year later she became mother of a girl called Eve` again. A second low in Madam Curies life was ...

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Essay Example for Free (#2)

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee Essay Americans who have always looked westward when reading about this period should read this book facing eastward†. Despite the popularity of the eyewitness accounts, Brown is not an absentee narrator. In the book Brown emphasizes two main points, the language he uses and the storyline of the book. He uses these two things to give the eyewitness accounts as much impact as possible. In the process, he attempts to defile his enemy in all kinds of different manners: The way Brown makes his readers; view eastward is by using the faults that have plagued the Native Americans. Brown’s way of emphasizes language allows the readers to connect to the Native Americans and this allows the book to thrive and continue. This book differs from a lot of other books about Native Americans, because he uses many Native American interpretations. For example, the Sioux and Cheyenne’s frequently see trains pass through their land in the Powder River country. Says Brown: ‘‘Sometimes they saw Iron Horses dragging wooden houses on wheels at great speed along the tracks . They were puzzled over what could be inside the houses. ’’ Brown uses the terms ‘‘Iron Horses’’ and ‘‘wooden houses’’ to describe trains and train cars, as a Native American at this time would have perceived them. Brown also uses the Native American designations for U. S. military ranks in his descriptions. For example, to a Native American at this time, a general was known as a â€Å"Star Chief† and a colonel was an â€Å"Eagle Chief†. In addition, Brown refers to prominent American historical figures by their Native American names. For example, many Native Americans called General George Armstrong Custer ‘‘Hard Backsides,† â€Å"because he chased them over long distances for many hours without leaving his saddle †. Brown also uses Native American naming systems for natural processes like time. Because Americans during this time divide the year into twelve months and refer to these months by names like May and June, however, Native Americans referred to these time periods by their relationship to nature. So, in Brown’s book, May is â€Å"the Moon When the Ponies Shed† and June is â€Å"the Strawberry Moon†. By using distinctly Native American interpretations like these in his narration, Brown takes his readers deep into the Native American experience. In the process, the reader begins to identify with the Native Americans. When readers identify with characters, they tend to feel sympathy for them. Through Dee Browns thesis, Brown organizes his story to maximize his readers’ sympathetic emotions. Brown establishes a three? part structure for most chapters, which demonstrates again and again that Native Americans lost no matter what they did. Francis Paul Prucha for examples states that â€Å"The materials have been selected to make the authors point, not to present a balanced view of what happened, from the Native American standpoint or from any other†. Typically, the chapter begins with a discussion of a chief or tribe who has lost something, generally a piece of their land and still has more to lose. For example, in the beginning of the second chapter, Brown notes: â€Å"As the result of two deceptive treaties, the woodland Sioux surrendered nine? tenths of their land and were crowded into a narrow strip of territory along the Minnesota River†. Following the discussion of what has been already lost; Brown introduces the second part, the struggle. For Native Americans in the nineteenth century, the struggles were many, whether they decided to go to war or did not. Many tribes in the book do choose to fight to retain their remaining land and freedom. In most cases, the tribes win some battles but end up losing the war. The U. S. soldiers are too advanced and numerous to be defeated, something that the Native Americans begin to realize. For example, Little Crow is cautious about fighting at first, because he had been to the East and seen the power of the Americans. They were everywhere and with cannons they would destroy everything in their path. Even when the Native Americans outnumber the whites, the military technology can be the decisive factor in the victory. As many Native Americans learned, even though they had bravery, numbers, and massive charges all of that would mean nothing if the Native Americans were armed only with bows, lances, and clubs. In cases where the Native Americans try to remain peaceful, Brown shows many ways that they are provoked into war. In several cases, settlers or miners hungry for the Native Americans’ remaining land spread lies in an effort to get the government to take their land. During the Civil War, Native Americans were sometimes provoked into fighting because it was the safer of two options for white, male citizens. For example, Brown says there was political pressure on soldiers from Coloradans who wanted to avoid the military draft of 1864 by serving in uniform against a few poorly armed Indians rather than against the Confederates farther east. Even after the Civil War, when the draft was no longer an issue, some drafted soldiers used lies to provoke Native Americans and kill them because peace was not profitable for the settlers. The final part of Brown’s argument in most chapters is the ending. Due to the massive struggles that Native Americans faced whether or not they chose to remain peaceful, most chapters end badly. The chiefs, who are often depicted as strong in the beginning and middle of the chapters when they are fighting for their land and people, end up dead, in prison, in exile, or on a reservation with the rest of their people. Even the exceptions to this rule, such as the chapter depicting Red Cloud’s successful war, ultimately end negatively. Red Cloud’s story is an example of the overall structure of the book. The book starts out with many Native Americans living free and retaining parcels of their land. As the story progresses and the white emigration start to take over, large armies and groups of white settlers cut down the various tribes. By the end of the book, the effect of white emigration has impacted around so much of the country that most Native Americans are dead, in prison, or on scattered reservations. To conclude I felt the effect on the reader is profound. Brown has gotten his readers to root for the underdogs by using eyewitness accounts and language to draw readers into the Native American experience. Yet, in each chapter Brown steadily crushes any hope that the reader might have for the Native Americans winning much of anything by using his plot. By using these strategies, Brown makes his readers feel more into the book by trying to make them sympathize to the Natives. Brown’s tone, or attitude towards his subject matter, is one of barely restrained outrage, and he wants readers to get angry, too. Tom Phillips, another reviewer states, â€Å"Brown has gone too far at some points and is guilty of the same faults as those who created the raditional image of the Native American as savage, alcoholic and expendable†. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. (2018, Oct 19).

Collabrative working with parents and others Essay

Collabrative working with parents and others - Essay Example This report shows among other details: the child's progress report annually; tabulation of performance of local schools and regular updates on their child's school from private inspectors. The government’s Education Act governs all schools in relation to their provision of educational needs, especially to the distinctive educational disadvantaged pupils, to ensure that such children receive an education that is of the same quality as their counterparts in the mainstream educational system. The Education Act ensures the involvement of parents in the learning process by encouraging them to express their views. They are also encouraged to act on their parental concerns whenever troubled about their children’s wellbeing in the school environment. The government has increased speculation in families and young children and participation in the creation of wide-ranging programmes aimed at transforming early childhood education and care. The National Childcare Strategy was impl emented. This policy sort to bring the early child development programmes, and the social services authorities together to ensure the provision of educational and social amenities to children from needy families (Tomlinson. 2005, p. 35). The QCA/DFEE was later established to promote stakeholders in education and social environment plan how their work contributes to the new early learning goals. The government provides funding that oversees the promotion of children’s personal, social and economic development through formal education and ensuring children remain in right environments to govern their rights. The government, through the Children Social Services Department, seeks to ensure that the rights of children are maintained in the family setting. The government has laid down responsibilities for all parents, to maintain healthy children. Such parenting responsibilities include provision of medical care to the children whenever they are sick, provision of basic education t o all children despite their mental and physical abilities, provision of a safe environment for child development and provision of basic needs for the child. The government gains custody of children whose parents do not support these basic needs and put the children in foster homes. Within any given social situation, the wants, needs and aspirations of different stakeholders may be quite different. It is, therefore, paramount that we identify the relevant stakeholders in order to understand their roles in the collaborative system. It is essential that the pupil should be included as a stakeholder. By looking at an individual pupil or a group of pupils, one can easily determine who the stakeholders are by observing the needs and wants of these pupils and looking at who can fulfill them and how. All stakeholders present their own personal opinions and understanding of the situation; thus, such collaboration will result in the achievement of set goals regarding situations faced by pupi ls and children. When these partnership work effectively, all the parties involved feel they have been able to realize collectively what they would not have if they worked individually (Tomlinson. 2005, p. 76). However, conflicts are bound to arise in any collaborative measure. The important thing, when faced with such a problem, is to consider what is in the interest of the children. We note

Nursing Informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Informatics - Essay Example Susan J. Grobe. The two are known for their contributions in health information technology and nursing informatics education and science. Both Dr. Thede and Dr. Grobe used the term health informatics to refer to the practice of informatics and applied research across public and clinical health domain. These pioneers developed the techniques and methods that are very relevant across major application areas in clinical and public health that aided the advancement of nursing practice. Some of the contributions of these two pioneers included the development of clinical research informatics, translational bioinformatics, consumer health informatics, clinical informatics, and public health informatics; all of which have greatly influenced nursing practice in terms of efficiency and effectiveness (Calvin, 2009) The two pioneers have made individual accomplishment in nursing informatics. For example, Dr. Linda Q. Thede participated in various committees in Kent State University implementing and studying computer uses in nursing practice and distance education to nursing practitioners. Dr. Linda Q. Thede also taught nursing informatics and assisted the faculty in applying information technology to clinical health and nursing records. Dr. Thede is currently the editor of Computer Informatics Nursing Plus. Her contributions to nursing practice have advance the storage of medical records and nursing practice. She authored two Nursing and Informatics editions. She regularly recommends nursing informatics to practitioners through her Informatics column in OJIN. Dr. Susan J. Grobe too has made considerable individual accomplishment in nursing informatics (Bonnie, 2001). Dr. Susan J. Grobe is recognized for her major contributions to nursing informatics science and education. She was the first to host a conference of national continuing education on Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) at The University of Texas. With the financial aid from USDHHS, the Division of Nursing and L ippincott JB, Dr. Susan J. Grobe developed the module of Nursing Education Authority System (NEMAS): a software program used in creating Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) modules on nursing process. Progressively with more funding from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR), Dr. Grobe developed the Nursing Intervention Lexicon and Taxonomy (NILT). She also studied automated classification of nursing interventions. She is also recognized for the following: first of two nurse fellows that were elected to the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI); the very first nurse to host for the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Nursing Informatics Symposia; and the first nurse to be invited to serve on the NLM Board of Scientific Counselors. A lot of contribution to nursing informatics can be noted in her publications which are very extensive in educational and scientific journals. Dr. Susan J. Grobe also authore d Computer Primer and Resource Guides for Nurses (1984), one of the first computer books for nurses (Alla, 2008). Generally, the two nursing informati

Sampling Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling Techniques - Essay Example To start with, probability sampling involves random selection and has four methods as follows. Simple random sampling where there is an equal chance of selection for every element. In systematic random sampling every nineth element is selected while stratified random sampling is one in which population is divided into segments (Trochim, 2004). Lastly cluster sample is where a particular subgroup is randomly chosen to represent the population under study. In conclusion, non-probability random samples occur due to influence by certain factors. These factors are as follows: Convenience which is easy to find, purposive relating to the purpose intended, snowball sampling where the chosen subject suggests another, and finally quota which involves subgroups chosen to represent a quota of the population to be studied (Tille and Ardilly,187). Sampling advantages are time saving, economical, easy to adapt, reliable and indispensable. Limitations of sampling or inaccuracy in the results, expensive in terms of time and energy, unsuitable in that not applicable to other areas, and inherent defects in the

Liability analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Liability analysis - Essay Example The basis of partnership can be made legal by either the word of mouth or through a written agreement. The partnership agreement administers the partner’s relation to each other and to the partnership. The agreement Partnerships between members of the family as in this case are viewed in a different perspective by the law. If the family members are to share in the profits it will be clear that they have a partnership, however, if they are to receive some share of the profits as repayment of debts, or wages the relation is termed as protected partnership, and there will be no legal indication that a business partnership exists. If the family members are to conduct any retail business, there will be clear evidence of an existence of a general partnership. The formation of the partnership is associated with certain rights and duties among the members and with third parties (Cheeseman, 257). Therefore, under this case, each partner will have a right to share in the profits, and al so contribute equally incase of a loss, unless the partnership agreement will have been otherwise stated. Additionally, each partner is allowed to take part equally in the supervision of the company partnership. Incase of a dispute, the majority vote rules. Nonetheless, under a partnership, each member is entailed to the duty of Good faith, and loyalty (West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 7). That is, each partner is required to account to the other partners for any benefit that one receives when engaged in the business partnership. Under the duty of loyalty, no partner is permitted to use the partnership property for ones own personal gains. Also, the partners are not to engage in any business that competes with the partnership. In reference to the contribution of funds as the parents’ idea of 2 million, the contributed resources towards the growth of the business, becomes owned by all members under partnership (West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 20). In addition, any oth er property that is to be purchased by any partner using the partnership assets automatically becomes partnership property and is held under the partnerships name as indicated by RUPA. Transfer of property is only possible under the name of the partnership and, and the partnership property cannot be sold without the consent of members of the partnership. In terms of liability, each member of the partnership is liable to the obligations of the partnership. That is, each partner is equally liable for the unlawful acts or blunder of a member-if the act is committed while the partner is acting under the authority of the other members, or on behaves of the partnership. In UPA Section 15(a) it is said that associates are jointly and severally responsible for the torts and violation of trust. (Cheeseman, 258) Under this a third party can sue one or more associates independently, â€Å"CASE 14.2 Tort Liability of General Partners Zuckerman v. Antenucci† (Cheeseman, 256). Despite the fact that a partner caught on the wrong is sued individually, the partnership agreement provides for the compensation of the partner for the fraction of damages in surplus of ones relative share of the business. Any member in the business partnership will be perceived as an agent of the partnership. That is, each member has the authority to act on behave of the business, and a members admission concerning

Peter Jones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Peter Jones - Essay Example Most people thus have a ready list of their most admired entrepreneurs. And to find out who are the most admired entrepreneurs, several business entities commission surveys to find out the most admired entrepreneurs list. Oprah Winfrey is perhaps today's most admired woman entrepreneur in the whole world. Forbes Magazine had listed her in 2006 as one of the richest people on earth with fortunes worth more than a billion (Haig 2006,p.155). She had also been touted as 'one of the most powerful celebrities in the United States" (Butler 2006,p.73). And yet, she has remained humble and compassionate, exerting great efforts in philanthropic works and influencing and affecting people all over the world with the inspirational and educational nature of her TV and movie shows. With all these, she had made a difference in the lives of people and this caused all the adulation and admiration heaped on her. She thus topped the list of About.com Readers' Most Admired Entrepreneur in America (Popula r Culture Association in the South 2007,p.75). In another recent survey of 1000 teenagers in America, Apple chief executive Steve Jobs edged out Oprah Winfrey and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg as the most admired entrepreneur in America. ... The rationale behind his selection was that Job "made a difference in or improved people's lives or made the world a better place" as well as because Jobs attained "success in multiple fields" (Thomson 2009, v3.co.uk) . In UK, in a poll held by the Scottish Institute of Enterprise and with 700 student entrepreneurs selected from among Scotland's 13 universities as respondents, Cobra Beer founder Karan Bilimoria came out the most admired toppling such heavyweight entrepreneurs as Richard Branson and Bill Gates. The usual reason behind the choice was that Bilimoria had "led by example and triumphed through his tenacity and strong belief in his vision". It was pointed out that Bilimoria "has had enormous success in building a business from scratch". The unexpected choice of Bilimoria had compelled Sharon Bamford, the Institute director to comment: "Vision is clearly an important quality in growing a business and is often linked with the entrepreneurial flair. However, good leaders exhibit a breadth of leadership qualities and Karan Bilimoria is a prime example of this" (Startups.co.uk). However top-notch UK entrepreneurs such as OgilvyMather managing director Guy Lambert professed that to them the mos t admired entrepreneur remains to be Richard Branson (Campaign News 2007, campaignlive.co.uk). In fact, when "other business people are asked to name the person they most admire", the oftentimes answer is Richard Branson (Bolton & Thompson 2004,p.132). Virgin founder Branson is no doubt an entrepreneurial legend and will leave this world a lasting3 legacy.